Generated by All in One SEO Pro v5.0.1.1, this is an llms-full.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Canterbury Legal Christchurch Lawyers that are in your corner. ## Posts ### [Insights](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/insights/) **Published:** February 19, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ## Coming Soon --- ### [Preparing for the Disputes Tribunal - Everything You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/assisting-clients-preparing-disputes-tribunal/) **Published:** March 20, 2022 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **The Disputes Tribunal is an important and useful tool used to determine disputes at a lower cost, is less formal than the Courts and provides a faster method to resolve litigation matters.** **Who can make a claim to the Disputes Tribunal?** Anyone can file a claim, however, there must be a genuine dispute before the matter can be heard. It is important that you collect evidence that proves there is a dispute and that the other party is aware of the issue. A party to a claim can seek a declaration that they are not liable for a claim based on contract or quasi contract. This is valuable if you are facing a demand from a debt collecting agency. However, there is the risk that if your application is denied, the Tribunal will order you to pay the debt. Claims can be made even where contracts provide otherwise. **Amount of claim** The Disputes Tribunal currently has jurisdiction to hear disputes related to claims of up to $30,000.00. If your claim is above this, it can be reduced to bring it within the Jurisdiction of the Tribunal otherwise it must be filed with the District Court or High Court depending on the cost and complexity of the issue. Interest on claims may also be awarded; this is in addition to the $30,000.00. **Types of Claims** The tribunal can deal with: - A claim “founded on contract” also known as quasi-contract. For example, overpayment of wages when Employment Contract at an end; - Claims in tort in respect of: the destruction or loss of any property, any damage or injury to any property and the recovery of any property; - Car accidents or other vehicle issues such as damage to a car or bike in an accident and damage to a vehicle when someone borrowed it; - Consequential loss such as the cost of a rental vehicle in a car accident claim; House or flat disputes such as fences, tree roots damaging drains, damage to property, property that’s been borrowed and not returned and flatmates not doing what they agreed to; - Buying goods or services such as goods that don’t work properly, the quality of work by a tradesman, the amount of money charged for work done, loss caused by misleading advertising and disputed debts; - Business deals such as contracts and business agreements; Statutory claims; and - Interest claims where a contract provides for it. - The Tribunal cannot determine disputes relating to: - Renting (disputes between landlords and tenants) or body corporate issues; - Rates, taxes, social welfare benefits or ACC payments; - Trade secrets and intellectual property (copyright and who owns an idea or creative work); - Wills and Estates; - Employment; - Land; - Family law issues such as relationship property and care of children; - Goodwill; and - Debts when the person owing the money agrees they owe the debt but doesn’t pay anyway. In other words, you can’t use the Tribunal as a debt collection agency. **How we can assist you in the process** Canterbury Legal can provide you with an assessment of your claim and advise you whether pursuing it in the disputes tribunal is a sensible option. We can also assist you in setting out your claim and ensure you are fully prepared for a hearing. In doing so we would consider the: - The strength of your evidence and what could further strengthen your claim for example, including witnesses that should be called; - Submissions to ensure that your story is told in the best light; - Key issues and evidence to ensure that they are all clearly identified; - Identification and summary of the relevant law to be explained in your terms; and - Outcome to ensure that you have an idea of the relief you are seeking or a defence that you can rely on if the claim is made against you. **Filing a Claim** This should be carried out by you after consideration of the above. Claims can be filed: - Online at - By post. The forms can be printed at https://www.disputestribunal.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Forms/DT-form-1-claims-form.pdf **Fees** Filing Fees are payable to the Tribunal at the time of filing and the fee amount depends on the claim amount in dispute, as below: - For claims less than $2,000.00 – $45.00 filing fee; - For claims between $2,000.00 to $4999.00 – $90.00 filing fee; and - For claims of $5,000.00 or more – $180.00 filing fee. **Insured Property** Where an applicant and/or respondent is insured for the property that is damaged the insurer must be notified of the proceedings. The insurer will become a party to the proceedings but may waive its right to appear. The insurer may bring a claim where it has paid out to its client or abandon its rights in which case the claim will focus on the insureds unpaid losses which may include an excess payable and loss of no claims bonus. **Support Person** You are allowed to bring a support person but they may not address the Referee unless invited. They cannot be a lawyer or someone who undertakes advocacy work. Former or retired lawyers are excluded. If you require an interpreter, you will need to advise the Tribunal well in advance as the interpreter will be appointed by the Tribunal. **Presentation** You need to be organised to eliminate stress and arrive in plenty of time in advance the hearing. This includes knowing where the tribunal is situated and what parking options are available. There may be tele conferencing or video conferencing involved and you need to be prepared for this. The hearing will almost certainly be recorded so it is important what you say and how you present. Consideration should be given as to what clothing you wear. Also consideration needs to be had as to what paperwork you are producing. These need to be in multiple copies for producing to the Referee and other parties. If the documentation is extensive it should be collated and paginated for easy reference. If you are intending to produce electronic documents and photos, videos or sound recordings you need to bring your own laptop or device. **Hearing Process** Often the process will be as follows: - The Referee makes an introduction and requests the parties to introduce themselves explaining how the hearing will proceed; - An opening statement is made first by the applicant and then by the other parties; - The referee will then seek to identify both the issues and the legal position; - Following that the Referee will inquire in to each issue and review the evidence. They will also explain the applicable law as they see it; - Witnesses will then give their evidence usually one by one with the others waiting outside. All parties including the Referee can question witnesses; - The Referee will usually try to facilitate a settlement. This may involve short adjournments where the parties can consider their positions. **Orders and Awards** The Referees have a wide range of powers and can order: - Monetary payment from one party to any other party; - A declaration that a person is not liable to another in respect of a claim or demand; - A party to deliver specific property to another party; - A work order requiring certain work to be undertaken in conjunction with a money order which enables the claimant to choose either where the work order is not complied with; - Variation or setting aside of any agreement between the parties; - That the claim be dismissed; - Payment of interest; - Costs in limited circumstances. **Enforcement** Orders of the Tribunal are enforceable in the same way as an order of the District Court. Settlement Agreements are treated as an order of the Tribunal and are similarly enforceable. **Rehearing and Appeals** An application for rehearing should be lodged within 28 days of the making of the order or award. Grounds for rehearing include: - A party not receiving notice of the hearing date; - A party or a witness missing the hearing for a valid reason; - The Referee making an error in the order for payment of money; - New information that affects a settlement agreement approved by the Referee. There is a right of Appeal to the District Court where the proceedings were conducted in an unfair manner which prejudicially affected the outcome. The application must be made within 28 days of the order or award and is filed by post with a filing fee of $200.00 payable. **Assistance** If you require assistance with all or any of the above, we’re here to help. [Just get in touch with our office.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) For more information on the Disputes Tribunal, visit their website at [www.disputestribunal.govt.nz](https://www.disputestribunal.govt.nz). --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Litigation, Personal --- ### [Reinterpreting the Family Protection Act 1955: the problem with ‘moral duty’](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/reinterpreting-the-family-protection-act-1955-the-problem-with-moral-duty/) **Published:** April 4, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** In current New Zealand law, “moral duty” refers to the ethical obligation that a will-maker (the person creating a will) has towards their spouse or children. This obligation involves providing for the financial needs of family members in a manner that reflects societal expectations of fairness and familial responsibility. However, the exact definition and scope of “moral duty” are not clearly defined in statutes, leading to ambiguity and interpretation challenges in legal proceedings. The Family Protection Act 1955 currently requires claimants to prove a will-maker breached a “moral duty” towards family members. In this respect a fundamental test is that “a just, but not unloving, husband or father owes towards his wife or towards his children”. However, the concept of “moral duties” still lacks clarity in law. The Law Commission proposed limiting court powers under the Act based on public opinion gathered through surveys. These recommendations await parliamentary review, with a high likelihood of adoption (normally an 80% take up rate on average). The commission’s findings show that there is little appetite for the present legislation to stay as it is and that an update is advisable. It is noted that courts should consider the Commission’s findings rather than waiting for legislative changes from parliament. --- *Canterbury Legal are your expert Christchurch lawyers. Please get in touch to find out how we can support you best with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit ``` Posted on Google L B Outstanding service from Angela went out of her way to help me and I knew she was looking out for me, can’t thank her enough, and i would def use her again Posted on Google M M Angela was brilliant helping us through purchasing our home. Down to earth approach and ability to explain what’s going on at each stage put us at ease! Definitely recommend Posted on Google D G Angela at CAN Legal, made our purchase of our house super easy. So appreciative of all the hard work she put into making things easy for us. I would recommend using CAN Legal for anything you need doing. Posted on Google S U Angela was very helpful and supportive in our journey purchasing our first home. she was always available and responded quickly to any questions we had. she has made the whole process very simple and easy to understand, which helped us to stay calm in stressful situation. In person Angela was very humble and knowledgeable and down-to-earth person we have met. Thank You Angela for your time. Posted on Google S W We had the pleasure of dealing with Angela throughout the entire process, and she made what could have been a stressful experience feel smooth and easy to understand — especially as we were buying our first home. Her guidance, clear communication, and continued support right through to the end made all the difference. Thank you, Angela, for helping make it such a seamless transaction. We’re truly grateful. I recommend her to everyone. Posted on Google E G We worked with Angela to purchase our house, and found her very easy to work with. She was very responsive, flexible to meet our timeframes and help out at short notice, and walked us through the process in a very clear way. We would highly recommend working with her. Posted on Google S S Very helpful Posted on Google J J Me and my Husband worked with Anglea as first home buyers she explained everything so well and gave us really good advice which in the end landed us our dream home 😃 thanks to all the team! Verified by Trustindex Trustindex verified badge is the Universal Symbol of Trust. Only the greatest companies can get the verified badge who has a review score above 4.5, based on customer reviews over the past 12 months. Read more ``` **Categories:** New Amendments, News, Personal --- ### [Building a Strong Foundation: Asset Protection Through Family Trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) **Published:** April 27, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** No matter what your financial worth it is important to have a plan in place to protect your assets. A lot of hard work has gone in to building your asset base, no matter how big or small it may be. An element of risk is behind every major financial or personal decision, whether it be buying a house, starting a business, getting married or beginning a relationship. At each of these times, you should review your risks and look at how you are protected. Don’t leave it until it is too late. #### **Family Trusts** One of the best ways to protect yourself and provide for your family’s future is through a family trust. A family trust will protect your hard-earned assets, provide for your interests and give security to your loved ones. A family trust will ensure that your assets are passed on in accordance with your wishes and requirements. #### **Asset Protection** A family trust will provide protection from creditors and lawsuits and ex-partners. However, a badly set-up trust can bring about its own problems. Proceeding with gifting without the right advice can have implications in later life. #### **Good family trusts & asset protection advice** So you need to know you are getting the best advice possible. [At Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) we can advise on the most suitable way to protect your assets and then help set up the systems to do this. We understand trust law and have a wealth of experience in asset protection. **Categories:** Family trusts & asset protection, Personal, Uncategorised --- ### [Josh's First Home Triumph: A Partnership with Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/joshs-experience-canterbury-legal/) **Published:** July 13, 2017 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** [![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Josh-1-1024x683.jpg)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Josh-1.jpg)#### *What made you want to own your own home?* It’s the classic Kiwi dream to own your own home. Aside from that, it is a good investment and I’d put it down to a few main reasons from a financial stand point. Having a roof over your head is a necessity and renting is a sunken cost. Houses generally appreciate over time at a faster rate than interest rates so I gain more than I would having savings in a bank. I also have the opportunity at my age to have flatmates to help out with the mortgage payments. I expect as I get older and priorities change this won’t be an option. #### *What was the hardest part about buying your house?* Finding a house to tick as many boxes as possible. I searched for almost a year before finally signing on the dotted line. In this time I saved a lot more, allowing me to increase my expectations, but it was a hard graft attending open homes almost every weekend only to decide that the houses were either out of reach financially or had no potential. The whole exercise was a roller coaster of emotions #### *What was the most rewarding step?* Going to the auction fully prepared and coming away with the desired result. I learned a lot from the whole experience and was very pleased with the outcome. Prior to the auction I had Jim Eddy at Canterbury Legal look over the auction documents and explain the process. This was really important because once you have won an auction you don’t have the chance to change the sale and purchase agreement. You need to make sure that everything is in order beforehand. #### *Is there any advice that you would give to other prospective first home purchasers?* Do your research; find out what’s involved financially. Visit a huge number of houses – even if you know a house isn’t the right house it will help you understand the market. Talk to those who have done it before and attend first home buyer seminars. #### *Did having a lawyer assist you make a difference in your understanding of the process?* Yes. The team at Canterbury Legal guided me through the process step by step. Aside from sorting the paperwork, Jim Eddy helped me understand the requirements and the potential issues that may arise with the property purchase. For enquiries please contact our team: Contact Form (#10) Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message Submit **Categories:** Property, Residential --- ### [Navigating NZ’s New Pay Disclosure Laws: What Employers Must Know in 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/) **Published:** May 1, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Excerpt:** New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. **Content:** ![Screenshot 2025 08 29 at 11.05.20 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Screenshot-2025-08-29-at-11.05.20 am.png)**New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill** introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. --- ## Contents - [What is the Employee Remuneration Disclosure Amendment Bill?](#aioseo-what-is-the-employee-remuneration-disclosure-amendment-bill) - [What are the new legal risks for employers?](#aioseo-what-are-the-new-legal-risks-for-employers) - [Protected Employee Activities Employers Must Accommodate](#aioseo-protected-employee-activities-employers-must-accommodate) - [Critical Legal Framework: Reverse Onus Provision](#aioseo-critical-legal-framework-reverse-onus-provision) - [Risk Management Strategies](#aioseo-risk-management-strategies) - [Compliance Considerations](#aioseo-compliance-considerations) - [Business Impact Assessment](#aioseo-business-impact-assessment) - [Strategic Recommendations for Employers](#aioseo-strategic-recommendations-for-employers) - [Conclusion](#aioseo-conclusion) --- #### What is the Employee Remuneration Disclosure Amendment Bill? The Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill, introduced by Labour MP Camilla Belich in 2024, will create significant new compliance obligations for New Zealand employers. The Bill amends the Employment Relations Act 2000 to establish protected status for employee remuneration discussions, requiring employers to review and potentially restructure their workplace policies and management practices. The Bill passed the committee of the whole House stage on 30 July 2025 and awaits its third reading. Upon passage and Royal assent, employers will need immediate compliance capability. Organisations should begin preparation now to ensure readiness when the legislation takes effect. --- ## What are the new legal risks for employers? **New Personal Grievance Exposure** The Bill creates a new category of personal grievance under section 103 of the Act: “adverse conduct for a remuneration disclosure reason.” Employers need to understand that any negative employment action taken against employees who discuss pay may now constitute grounds for a personal grievance claim. **Understanding Prohibited Adverse Conduct** Under proposed section 110AB, employers must avoid the following actions when connected to remuneration discussions: **High-Risk Actions:** - Terminating employees who have engaged in pay discussions; - Offering different terms, conditions, or benefits compared to similarly qualified employees - Imposing disadvantages not experienced by comparable employees; or - Creating conditions that compel resignation or retirement. ##### Protected Employee Activities Employers Must Accommodate **Employers cannot take adverse action when employees:** - Discuss their own remuneration with any party (internal or external); - Make inquiries about colleagues’ remuneration; or - Participate in pay-related discussions or respond to remuneration inquiries. This means an employee who faces negative consequences after discussing pay—such as demotion, loss of benefits, or pressure to resign—can bring a claim. Critically, a **reverse onus of proof** applies. **Employers must now prove** that pay discussions were *not* a factor in their decision-making. --- #### Critical Legal Framework: Reverse Onus Provision **Warning for Employers:** The Bill establishes a reverse onus of proof that significantly impacts employer liability: once an employee demonstrates that adverse conduct occurred and raises remuneration disclosure as a factor, the burden shifts to the employer to prove, on the balance of probabilities, that remuneration disclosure was NOT a substantial factor in their decision. This reversal of traditional burden of proof creates heightened documentation and justification requirements for all employment decisions. --- #### Risk Management Strategies 1. **Policy Review:** Audit existing employment agreements and policies for pay secrecy clauses that, while still technically lawful, may create liability risks if enforced through adverse actions. 2. **Management Training:** Implement comprehensive training for all managers and HR personnel on the new protected activities and prohibited responses. 3. **Documentation Protocols:** Establish robust documentation procedures for all employment decisions to demonstrate legitimate, non-retaliatory business reasons for any adverse employment actions. 4. **Performance Management Systems:** Review and strengthen performance management processes to ensure clear, objective criteria that can withstand scrutiny if challenged. --- #### Compliance Considerations - **Existing Pay Secrecy Clauses:** While not directly outlawed, enforcing such clauses through any form of adverse action will expose employers to personal grievance claims. - **Disciplinary Procedures:** Revise disciplinary frameworks to explicitly exclude remuneration discussions as grounds for any negative employment action. - **Recruitment and Retention:** Consider how increased pay transparency may impact recruitment strategies and retention programs. --- ## Business Impact Assessment **Operational Implications** The Bill will likely accelerate pay transparency within organisations, requiring employers to: - Prepare for increased internal pay comparisons and potential equity challenges; - Develop defensible remuneration structures that can withstand scrutiny; and - Anticipate and plan for potential pay harmonization pressures. **Legal Risk Exposure** Employers face increased exposure to: - Personal grievance claims with reversed burden of proof; - Potential remedies including reinstatement, compensation, and reimbursement; and - Reputational risks associated with pay discrimination allegations. --- ## Strategic Recommendations for Employers - **Proactive Pay Equity Audit:** Conduct voluntary pay equity reviews to identify and address disparities before they become grievance matters. - **Communication Strategy:** Develop clear messaging to employees about the organisation’s approach to remuneration transparency and equity. - **Legal Consultation:** Engage employment law specialists to review current practices and develop compliant policies and procedures. - **HR System Updates:** Implement tracking systems to monitor pay-related discussions and ensure no adverse actions follow such activities. --- ## Conclusion The Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill represents a fundamental shift in New Zealand employment law that requires immediate attention from employers. While the legislation aims to promote pay equity, it creates substantial compliance obligations and legal risks that organizations must actively manage. Employers should view this not merely as a compliance challenge but as an opportunity to review and strengthen their remuneration practices, ensuring they are both legally compliant and competitively positioned in an increasingly transparent employment market. Forward-thinking employers will begin preparation immediately, recognising that reactive approaches to this legislation may result in costly personal grievance claims and reputational damage. > *For specific advice on updating your employment practices, [contact Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).* **Categories:** Business & Commercial, Contract disputes, Disputes & litigation, Governance & shareholder matters **Tags:** employees, employment --- ### [MAJOR REFORMS: THE COMPANIES ACT OVERHAUL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/companies-act/) **Published:** November 28, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Excerpt:** New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. **Content:** ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.05.34 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.05.34-am.png)Minister Andrew Bayly has announced the most comprehensive reform of New Zealand’s Companies Act in its 30-year history, with direct implications for insolvency practice. --- --- **MAJOR REFORMS: THE COMPANIES ACT OVERHAUL** **Phase One: Immediate Reforms (Corporate Governance Amendment Bill – Early 2025)** The first phase focuses on modernisation and enhanced creditor protection: **Director Identification Numbers** Introduction of unique director identifiers to combat “phoenixing” – the practice of directors closing failing companies only to relaunch under slightly different structures. This will create a permanent record of directorial history, making it harder for directors to distance themselves from failed entities. **Extended Claw-Back Periods** Implementation of previously shelved recommendations from the 2015 Insolvency Working Group. Most significantly, the claw-back period for voidable transactions with related parties will extend from two to four years prior to liquidation. This change substantially increases liquidators’ ability to recover value for creditors where directors or related entities have extracted value shortly before insolvency. **Enhanced Creditor Protections** Additional measures include broadened protection for employee entitlements (including long service leave and payments in lieu of notice) and better consumer protection for gift card and voucher holders when retailers enter receivership. **NZBN Integration** Improved uptake and mandatory use of New Zealand Business Numbers to streamline business identification, reduce fraud, and enhance transparency across government and commercial interactions. **Phase Two: Directors’ Duties Review (Commencing 2025)** The Law Commission will undertake a comprehensive review of directors’ duties, including the increasingly complex rules around insolvent trading and director liability. This review will specifically examine issues raised by the Mainzeal case, which continues to generate uncertainty about when directors breach their duties by allowing companies to trade while insolvent. This review is critically important. The current law places directors in an extremely difficult position – they face potential personal liability for allowing an insolvent company to continue trading, yet companies in temporary financial difficulty often need to trade through their problems to achieve better outcomes for all stakeholders. **What This Means for Practice** For insolvency practitioners: The extended claw-back period for related-party transactions will significantly expand the pool of potentially voidable transactions, particularly in family-owned businesses and closely-held companies. Liquidators should review transactions going back four years where related parties are involved. **For directors and advisors: The introduction of director identification numbers and potential changes to directors’ duties heighten the importance of maintaining clear records, taking professional advice early, and documenting the basis for decisions to continue trading when financial difficulties arise.** --- - > *For specific advice, [contact Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).* **Categories:** Business, Employment, Litigation **Tags:** employees, employment --- ### [WHAT'S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) **Published:** November 28, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Excerpt:** New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Business](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business/ "Business")» WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026 1–2 minutes ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.03.48 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.03.48-am.png)As we look toward 2026, several trends are likely to shape the insolvency landscape **Continued High Liquidation Numbers** With IRD’s substantial debt book and continued enforcement focus, liquidation numbers are expected to remain elevated through at least the first half of 2026. The backlog of businesses struggling with accumulated COVID-era debt has not yet fully worked through the system. **Rise in Personal Insolvencies** Corporate insolvencies typically lead personal insolvencies by 6-12 months. As companies fail, directors with personal guarantees and shareholders who have extracted value face increased risk. Personal receivership appointments have already risen significantly, and formal personal insolvencies (bankruptcy, No Asset Procedures, and Debt Repayment Orders) are expected to follow. **Increased Director Liability Claims** The combination of high insolvency numbers and the Law Commission’s review of directors’ duties will likely result in increased scrutiny of director conduct. Liquidators are pursuing more voidable transaction claims and reckless trading allegations as they seek to maximize recoveries for creditors. **Private Credit Growth** While private credit plays a significant role in European and American restructuring markets, it remains relatively underdeveloped in New Zealand. The growth of private and alternative capital in Asia and Australia is expected to provide New Zealand businesses with more restructuring options, particularly for mid-market companies that may not fit traditional bank lending criteria. **Cyber-Driven Insolvencies** Major cyber incidents can have devastating impacts on business viability, as demonstrated by global events like the [CrowdStrike outage in July 2024](https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/Explaining-the-largest-IT-outage-in-history-and-whats-next). The intersection of cyber-security failures and insolvency law is likely to generate novel legal issues around director duties, insurance coverage, and creditor priorities. > *For specific advice, [contact Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).* [Previous](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) [Next](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) [Business & Commercial, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business-commercial/ "View all posts in Business & Commercial")[Contract disputes, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/disputes-litigation/contract-disputes/ "View all posts in Contract disputes")[Disputes & litigation, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/disputes-litigation/ "View all posts in Disputes & litigation")[Governance & shareholder matters](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business-commercial/governance-shareholder-matters/ "View all posts in Governance & shareholder matters") [1 May 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/)by [Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/canterbury-legal/)[181Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/) ###### [Navigating NZ’s New Pay Disclosure Laws: What Employers Must Know in 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/) [Family trusts & asset protection, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/personal/family-trusts-asset-protection/ "View all posts in Family trusts & asset protection")[Personal, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/personal/ "View all posts in Personal")[Uncategorised](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/uncategorised/ "View all posts in Uncategorised") [27 April 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/)by [sue](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/sue/)[165Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) ###### [Building a Strong Foundation: Asset Protection Through Family Trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) [![WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.03.48-am.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) [Business, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business/ "View all posts in Business")[Insolvency, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/insolvency/ "View all posts in Insolvency")[Litigation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/litigation/ "View all posts in Litigation") [28 November 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/)by [Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/canterbury-legal/)[265Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) ###### [WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) [![THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.06.47-am.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) [Business, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business/ "View all posts in Business")[Employment, ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/employment/ "View all posts in Employment")[Litigation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/litigation/ "View all posts in Litigation") [28 November 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/)by [Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/canterbury-legal/)[257Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) ###### [THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) **Categories:** Business, Insolvency, Litigation --- ### [Property Watch - September 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-sept-25/) **Published:** September 27, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** **Categories:** Property Watch --- ### [Property Watch - October 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-october-2025/) **Published:** October 25, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** **Categories:** Property Watch --- ### [Property Watch - November 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-november-2025/) **Published:** November 28, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** **Categories:** Property Watch --- ### [THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) **Published:** November 28, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Excerpt:** New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. **Content:** ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.06.47 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.06.47-am.png)The statistics are stark. From January to September 2025, there were 1,974 company liquidations – a significant increase from 1,846 over the same period in 2024 and 1,353 in 2023. Current projections suggest 2025 will see a 20-30% increase in total liquidations compared to 2024, making it one of the busiest insolvency years since the Global Financial Crisis. --- *However, context matters. While these numbers represent a significant upturn, they remain well below GFC peaks when 3,258 liquidations occurred between January and September 2008 alone.* **What’s Driving the Increase?** Three key factors are converging to drive the current wave of insolvencies: **1. Inland Revenue’s Renewed Enforcement** Tax debt has become a critical pressure point. IRD’s outstanding debt book has more than doubled from $4 billion in December 2020 to $9.3 billion by June 2025. The Government’s allocation of an additional $35 million in Budget 2025 specifically for tax compliance and collection signals a decisive shift from the leniency shown during the COVID-19 period. The impact is already evident. In January 2025 alone, IRD advertised 100 winding-up applications – triple the number from January 2024 and the highest single month in five years. Historically, approximately 70% of IRD applications result in liquidation. **2. Post-COVID Reality Check** Many businesses that received government support and creditor leniency during 2020-2022 are now facing the accumulated weight of deferred obligations. The “COVID debt” that was temporarily parked is now being called in, and not all businesses have recovered sufficiently to meet these obligations. **3. Economic Headwinds** Despite the Reserve Bank cutting the Official Cash Rate from its peak (currently sitting at 4.25% following cuts in August, October and November), many businesses are feeling the delayed effects of the prolonged high-interest environment, reduced consumer spending, and sector-specific challenges – particularly in construction, hospitality, and retail. > *For specific advice, [contact Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).* **Categories:** Business, Employment, Litigation **Tags:** employees, employment --- ### [NZ Probate Changes 2025: Why Having a Will Now Saves You Even More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) **Published:** September 21, 2025 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** ![Screenshot 2025 09 14 at 10.15.04 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Screenshot-2025-09-14-at-10.15.04-pm.png)> **Discover how NZ’s new $40,000 probate threshold affects your estate planning and how a will can save your family thousands.** - --- ## Contents - [Big Win for Families: Probate Threshold Raised to $40,000](#aioseo-big-win-for-families-probate-threshold-raised-to-40000) - [What If You Don't Have a Will?](#aioseo-what-if-you-dont-have-a-will) - [Why This Matters in 2025](#aioseo-why-this-matters-in-2025) - [How Canterbury Legal Helps](#aioseo-how-canterbury-legal-helps) - [4-Step Action Plan](#aioseo-4-step-action-plan) - [Final Word](#aioseo-final-word) --- ### **Big Win for Families: Probate Threshold Raised to $40,000** As of **24 September 2025**, the New Zealand Government has increased the probate threshold from **$15,000 to $40,000** — a long-overdue change that could save thousands in legal fees for grieving families. For over a decade, the $15,000 limit has meant even modest estates — often with just KiwiSaver, a car, and basic savings — had to go through the **High Court** process. That meant **lawyer costs, paperwork delays, and added stress**. “Most estates now include KiwiSaver balances well over $15,000… smaller estates are being eaten up in court costs and legal fees,” – **Justice Minister Paul Goldsmith** Under the new rule, if your estate is **valued at $40,000 or less AND you have a valid will**, your family won’t need to apply for probate through the court. That’s potentially **thousands saved in costs and months saved in time**. ### **What If You Don’t Have a Will?** That’s where this reform catches a lot of people out: If you **die without a will**, your estate must **still go through probate**, even if it’s worth **only $10,000**. So yes — **having a will is essential**. --- ### **Why This Matters in 2025** With most KiwiSaver accounts now exceeding $15,000 — and often pushing past $30,000 when combined with vehicles and savings — even the simplest estates can unintentionally require court intervention under the old rules. This change makes **good estate planning more valuable than ever**. --- ### **How Canterbury Legal Helps** At Canterbury Legal, we help you: - Draft a clear, legally sound will that works when needed - Update your will to reflect the new $40k rule - Structure your estate to **avoid probate altogether** if possible - Provide guidance to your executor on documentation, asset values, and KiwiSaver access - Ensure your family isn’t burdened during a difficult time --- ### **4-Step Action Plan** 1. **Book a consultation** with Canterbury Legal 2. **Get a professional will** (not a risky DIY version) 3. **Review your current will** if it’s over 3 years old or your situation has changed 4. **Make sure your executor knows your lawyer’s details** --- ### **Final Word** The Government’s changes will **save families money and stress**, but only if they’ve got their estate planning sorted. A will is your ticket to making sure the new threshold actually works for you. **New rules apply from 24 September 2025**. [Talk to Canterbury Legal today ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Contact Us")to ensure your family is protected. **Categories:** News --- ### [Christchurch Property Market Rebounds: Rates Fall, Opportunities Rise for Canterbury Buyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/christchurch-property-market-rebounds-rates-fall-opportunities-rise-for-canterbury-buyers/) **Published:** August 29, 2025 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** - [A market on the mend](#aioseo-a-market-on-the-mend) - [What Canterbury Buyers Can Expect](#aioseo-what-canterbury-buyers-can-expect) - [Current Mortgage Rates: A Three-Year Low](#aioseo-current-mortgage-rates-a-three-year-low) - [Looking Ahead](#aioseo-looking-ahead) - [Key Takeaways for Canterbury Clients](#aioseo-key-takeaways-for-canterbury-clients) > > ![a6aec4b6c5c3f76eaec01e32f945db7b](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/a6aec4b6c5c3f76eaec01e32f945db7b.jpeg)The Christchurch property market is rebounding, with prices nearly back to pre-Covid peaks. Mortgage rates have dropped to three-year lows, creating a prime opportunity for Canterbury buyers and first-home buyers. **Legal advice is key in this competitive market.** #### A market on the mend The Christchurch property market continues to demonstrate remarkable resilience, with recent data showing the city is leading New Zealand’s recovery from the post-Covid correction. As of August 2025, Christchurch property prices sit just $4,000.00 shy of their 2022 peak of $802,000.00 significantly outperforming Auckland and Wellington, who remain 17% and 20% below their respective highs. This recovery comes at a particularly opportune time for Canterbury buyers, as mortgage rates have fallen to their most attractive levels in three years. The Reserve Bank’s recent reduction of the Official Cash Rate to 3% on 20 August 2025 has prompted immediate relief for borrowers, with major banks now offering one-year fixed rates as low as 4.75%. --- #### What Canterbury Buyers Can Expect For those looking to enter the Christchurch market, conditions have improved significantly. The average property price now stands at approximately $798,000.00, having increased 1.4% over the past three months. This steady growth reflects strong fundamentals: - Relative affordability compared to other major cities; - Robust net migration (with 20% of new migrants to New Zealand settling in Christchurch); and - Increasing buyer confidence. First-home buyers are particularly active, representing 35-40% of recent market activity. Well-priced homes under $700,000.00 in suburbs like Redwood, Belfast, Bishopdale, Hornby and Broomfield are selling quickly, while the $800,000.00 to $1.3 million bracket is seeing increased competition from growing families looking to upsize. --- #### Current Mortgage Rates: A Three-Year Low The mortgage landscape has transformed dramatically from the peak rates of 2023. As of late August 2025, borrowers can access: - One-year fixed rates: As low as 4.75% (BNZ, TSB, Westpac) - Two-year fixed rates: From 4.75% (BNZ, TSB, Westpac) - Three-year fixed rates: Starting at 4.95% (Westpac) - Five-year fixed rates: From 5.39% (BNZ, Westpac) - Floating rates: Averaging 6.15-6.29% These rates represent significant savings for borrowers. For context, just 18 months ago, one-year rates peaked at 7.5%. Today’s rates mean a typical $600,000 mortgage could save borrowers approximately $16,200.00 per year compared to peak rates. --- #### Looking Ahead While Christchurch’s property market has shown resilience, buyers should note that inventory remains at historic highs, providing excellent choice and negotiating power. The rental market has also shifted, with stock up 20% year-on-year, creating opportunities for tenants and putting pressure on landlords to remain competitive. Market experts predict continued growth of 5-7% nationally in 2025, with Christchurch well-positioned to benefit from this trend. The city’s strong economic fundamentals, combined with ongoing construction activity in areas like Selwyn, suggest sustained demand moving forward. --- #### Key Takeaways for Canterbury Clients - **Timing is favourable:** With mortgage rates at three-year lows and property prices still below peak, conditions look to be favouring buyers. - **Choice is abundant:** High inventory levels mean buyers can be selective and negotiate effectively. - **Act strategically:** While rates have fallen significantly, they’re unlikely to return to Covid-era lows. Current rates with “a 4 in front” represent good value in the current environment. - **Seek professional advice:** Given the complexity of today’s market, engaging a solicitor at the early stages of the process can help make it as easy as possible to either buy or sell your home. The Christchurch property market’s recovery, combined with improving lending conditions, presents opportunities for both buyers and sellers. However, each transaction requires careful consideration of individual circumstances and market conditions. > ***This article provides general information only and should not be relied upon as legal or financial advice. For specific guidance on property transactions, please consult with Canterbury Legal’s [property team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).*** **Categories:** News, Property, Residential, Uncategorised **Tags:** capital gains, property --- ### [Navigating NZ’s New Pay Disclosure Laws: What Employers Must Know in 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025/) **Published:** August 29, 2025 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. **Content:** ![Screenshot 2025 08 29 at 11.05.20 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Screenshot-2025-08-29-at-11.05.20 am.png)**New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill** introduces major legal changes around pay transparency. Employers must now protect employees who discuss their own remuneration—or risk personal grievance claims. Learn how to update your policies and reduce legal exposure before this law takes effect. --- ## Contents - [What is the Employee Remuneration Disclosure Amendment Bill?](#aioseo-what-is-the-employee-remuneration-disclosure-amendment-bill) - [What are the new legal risks for employers?](#aioseo-what-are-the-new-legal-risks-for-employers) - [Protected Employee Activities Employers Must Accommodate](#aioseo-protected-employee-activities-employers-must-accommodate) - [Critical Legal Framework: Reverse Onus Provision](#aioseo-critical-legal-framework-reverse-onus-provision) - [Risk Management Strategies](#aioseo-risk-management-strategies) - [Compliance Considerations](#aioseo-compliance-considerations) - [Business Impact Assessment](#aioseo-business-impact-assessment) - [Strategic Recommendations for Employers](#aioseo-strategic-recommendations-for-employers) - [Conclusion](#aioseo-conclusion) --- #### What is the Employee Remuneration Disclosure Amendment Bill? The Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill, introduced by Labour MP Camilla Belich in 2024, will create significant new compliance obligations for New Zealand employers. The Bill amends the Employment Relations Act 2000 to establish protected status for employee remuneration discussions, requiring employers to review and potentially restructure their workplace policies and management practices. The Bill passed the committee of the whole House stage on 30 July 2025 and awaits its third reading. Upon passage and Royal assent, employers will need immediate compliance capability. Organisations should begin preparation now to ensure readiness when the legislation takes effect. --- ## What are the new legal risks for employers? **New Personal Grievance Exposure** The Bill creates a new category of personal grievance under section 103 of the Act: “adverse conduct for a remuneration disclosure reason.” Employers need to understand that any negative employment action taken against employees who discuss pay may now constitute grounds for a personal grievance claim. **Understanding Prohibited Adverse Conduct** Under proposed section 110AB, employers must avoid the following actions when connected to remuneration discussions: **High-Risk Actions:** - Terminating employees who have engaged in pay discussions; - Offering different terms, conditions, or benefits compared to similarly qualified employees - Imposing disadvantages not experienced by comparable employees; or - Creating conditions that compel resignation or retirement. ##### Protected Employee Activities Employers Must Accommodate **Employers cannot take adverse action when employees:** - Discuss their own remuneration with any party (internal or external); - Make inquiries about colleagues’ remuneration; or - Participate in pay-related discussions or respond to remuneration inquiries. This means an employee who faces negative consequences after discussing pay—such as demotion, loss of benefits, or pressure to resign—can bring a claim. Critically, a **reverse onus of proof** applies. **Employers must now prove** that pay discussions were *not* a factor in their decision-making. --- #### Critical Legal Framework: Reverse Onus Provision **Warning for Employers:** The Bill establishes a reverse onus of proof that significantly impacts employer liability: once an employee demonstrates that adverse conduct occurred and raises remuneration disclosure as a factor, the burden shifts to the employer to prove, on the balance of probabilities, that remuneration disclosure was NOT a substantial factor in their decision. This reversal of traditional burden of proof creates heightened documentation and justification requirements for all employment decisions. --- #### Risk Management Strategies 1. **Policy Review:** Audit existing employment agreements and policies for pay secrecy clauses that, while still technically lawful, may create liability risks if enforced through adverse actions. 2. **Management Training:** Implement comprehensive training for all managers and HR personnel on the new protected activities and prohibited responses. 3. **Documentation Protocols:** Establish robust documentation procedures for all employment decisions to demonstrate legitimate, non-retaliatory business reasons for any adverse employment actions. 4. **Performance Management Systems:** Review and strengthen performance management processes to ensure clear, objective criteria that can withstand scrutiny if challenged. --- #### Compliance Considerations - **Existing Pay Secrecy Clauses:** While not directly outlawed, enforcing such clauses through any form of adverse action will expose employers to personal grievance claims. - **Disciplinary Procedures:** Revise disciplinary frameworks to explicitly exclude remuneration discussions as grounds for any negative employment action. - **Recruitment and Retention:** Consider how increased pay transparency may impact recruitment strategies and retention programs. --- ## Business Impact Assessment **Operational Implications** The Bill will likely accelerate pay transparency within organisations, requiring employers to: - Prepare for increased internal pay comparisons and potential equity challenges; - Develop defensible remuneration structures that can withstand scrutiny; and - Anticipate and plan for potential pay harmonization pressures. **Legal Risk Exposure** Employers face increased exposure to: - Personal grievance claims with reversed burden of proof; - Potential remedies including reinstatement, compensation, and reimbursement; and - Reputational risks associated with pay discrimination allegations. --- ## Strategic Recommendations for Employers - **Proactive Pay Equity Audit:** Conduct voluntary pay equity reviews to identify and address disparities before they become grievance matters. - **Communication Strategy:** Develop clear messaging to employees about the organisation’s approach to remuneration transparency and equity. - **Legal Consultation:** Engage employment law specialists to review current practices and develop compliant policies and procedures. - **HR System Updates:** Implement tracking systems to monitor pay-related discussions and ensure no adverse actions follow such activities. --- ## Conclusion The Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill represents a fundamental shift in New Zealand employment law that requires immediate attention from employers. While the legislation aims to promote pay equity, it creates substantial compliance obligations and legal risks that organizations must actively manage. Employers should view this not merely as a compliance challenge but as an opportunity to review and strengthen their remuneration practices, ensuring they are both legally compliant and competitively positioned in an increasingly transparent employment market. Forward-thinking employers will begin preparation immediately, recognising that reactive approaches to this legislation may result in costly personal grievance claims and reputational damage. > *For specific advice on updating your employment practices, [contact Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/).* **Categories:** Business, Employment, Litigation **Tags:** employees, employment --- ### [Your 2025 Guide to New Zealand Law Changes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/your-2025-guide-to-new-zealand-law-changes/) **Published:** April 15, 2025 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** While [2024 introduced a range of legislative changes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2024/05/17/your-2024-guide-to-new-zealand-law-changes/ "2024 introduced a range of legislative changes"), 2025 is set to continue that trend with new laws across multiple sectors. The New Zealand government is preparing for significant legal reforms throughout the year, aimed at enhancing transparency, safety, and compliance nationwide. Some of the key changes and reforms: - **Company Law Reforms**: New regulations aimed at improving corporate governance. - **Resource Management Act Reforms**: Significant changes to the RMA proposed by the end of 2025. - **Firearms Law Reform**: A comprehensive update to the Arms Act for better public safety. - **Tenancy Law Changes**: New rules addressing tenant rights and ending tenancies. #### Company Law Reforms The **Corporate Governance Amendment Bill** is set to reshape New Zealand’s company laws when introduced in early 2025. This reform aims to modernise corporate governance practices, making them more relevant to contemporary business environments. ![Diagram: Changes to corporate governance legislation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/modernising-the-companies-act-1993-and-making-other-improvements-for-business.jpg)Diagram: Changes to corporate governance legislation**Key proposed changes** - **New Rules for Major Transactions**: Companies will face updated regulations governing significant transactions. This change is designed to protect shareholders and ensure transparency in decision-making processes. - **Simplification of Share Capital Reduction Procedures**: The bill proposes streamlined procedures for reducing share capital, thereby allowing companies to navigate these changes with greater ease. - **Insolvency Law Updates**: Enhanced guidelines around insolvency will provide clearer pathways for companies facing financial difficulties. These updates are intended to balance creditor protection with the need for businesses to restructure effectively. **Enhancing Corporate Transparency** The emphasis on corporate transparency is paramount in this amendment. Aligning with global trends, these reforms aim to foster trust between companies and their stakeholders. Investors increasingly demand clarity regarding how companies operate and make decisions. The new rules will help establish a more accountable corporate environment, enhancing confidence in New Zealand’s business landscape. **Digital Transformation in Governance** A notable aspect of the upcoming reforms is the increased use of digital methods for corporate governance tasks. This shift promises several benefits, including: - **Streamlined Annual General Meetings (AGMs)**: Digital tools will facilitate virtual AGMs, making participation easier for shareholders regardless of their location. - **Enhanced Corporate Reporting**: With digital platforms, companies can deliver timely updates and reports, ensuring that stakeholders remain informed about performance and strategic directions. As New Zealand embraces these changes, it remains essential for businesses to adapt swiftly and efficiently. The Corporate Governance Amendment Bill not only represents a shift in legal frameworks but also signifies a broader commitment to innovative practices within the corporate sector. More information can be viewed regarding these reforms [here](https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/regulating-entities/companies-act-reforms "here"). --- #### Resource Management Act Reform The New Zealand government is undertaking a comprehensive overhaul of the Resource Management Act (RMA), with ambitious plans to replace the existing framework by the end of 2025. This represents one of the most significant legislative changes of the year, with far-reaching implications for property, environmental, and commercial law. **Two-Act Replacement Framework** The government has committed to introducing two new pieces of legislation to replace the RMA by the end of 2025. These will include a Natural Environment Act and a Planning Act, designed to streamline planning systems between councils while providing greater standardisation of consenting processes. The proposed legislation will increase the number of “permitted” activities and set environmental limits that provide clarity around where development can be enabled while protecting natural resources. This dual-act approach bears some resemblance to the previous government’s proposal, but differs significantly in its philosophical underpinnings and implementation methodology. **Property Rights Focus** A distinctive feature of the new RMA replacement is its emphasis on property rights as a fundamental premise. The government has stated that both Acts will include “starting presumptions that land use is enabled, unless there is a significant enough impact on either the ability of others to use their own land or on the natural environment”. This represents a shift toward a more liberal planning system that prioritises the enjoyment of property rights while still maintaining environmental protections. The reform also promises clear protection for lawfully established existing use rights, including provisions for the reasonable expansion of existing activities where the site is appropriately zoned or owned. **Economic Impact & Timeline** According to the government, the RMA replacement will cut administrative and compliance costs by approximately 45 percent, a significant improvement over the estimated 7 percent reduction under the previous government’s proposed approach. This estimate is based on economic analysis of a “blueprint” developed by an Expert Advisory Group completed in early 2025. The implementation timeline is both ambitious and significant, with the government aiming to introduce the legislation by the end of 2025, bring it before the Select Committee in 2026, and pass it before the next election – in time for councils to incorporate the changes into their 2027 long-term plans. More information can be viewed regarding the RMA reforms [here](https://environment.govt.nz/news/reforming-the-resource-management-system-replacing-the-rma/ "here"). You can also view the Work Programme for Reforming the Resource Management System [here](https://environment.govt.nz/assets/publications/Work-Programme-for-Reforming-the-Resource-Management-System-22-march-2024.pdf "here"). --- #### Firearms Legislation Updates Firearms regulation has undergone significant reform in 2025, with several key legislative changes coming into effect and further reforms in progress. **Firearms Prohibition Orders Implementation** The Firearms Prohibition Orders Legislation Amendment Act 2024, which was passed in September 2024, came into effect in March 2025. This legislation represents Phase 1 of the government’s firearms reform program and provides police with additional powers to search gang members for firearms. The enhanced Firearms Prohibition Orders system aims to prevent high-risk individuals from legally accessing or using firearms and from associating with people who possess firearms. This change forms part of the coalition government’s first 100-days commitment to strengthen enforcement capabilities against illegal firearms possession. **Shooting Clubs and Ranges Regulation** The Arms (Shooting Clubs, Shooting Ranges, and Other Matters) Amendment Act received Royal assent on March 29, 2025, and will come into force on June 29, 2025. This legislation addresses concerns about Part 6 of the Arms Act relating to controls placed on shooting clubs and shooting ranges in 2020. The amendment represents Phase 2 of the firearms reform program and aims to balance regulatory oversight with practical operational requirements for legitimate shooting facilities. **Ongoing Reform Programme** The government is currently progressing with Phases 3 and 4 of its firearms reform program. Phase 3 involves a review of the Firearms Registry to assess its effectiveness in improving public safety, along with the planned transfer of the Firearms Safety Authority to another department. Phase 4, which is arguably the most comprehensive component, will involve a systematic rewrite of the Arms Act 1983 to ensure it provides greater protection for public safety, reflects best practice, and is fit for purpose in the contemporary context. Public submissions on this rewrite closed on February 28, 2025, and the government is now analysing feedback to inform the drafting process. --- #### Employment Law Reforms Employment legislation has seen significant changes in 2025, with several important amendments affecting both employers and employees across New Zealand. **Minimum Wage and Contractor Classification** Effective April 1, 2025, the minimum wage in New Zealand increased to $23.50 per hour, requiring employers to ensure compliance with this new rate. In addition to wage adjustments, the government is developing a new ‘gateway test’ to determine whether an individual should be classified as an employee or an independent contractor. This test aims to provide greater clarity in employment classifications, addressing a persistent area of contention in employment law that has implications for tax obligations, entitlements, and protections. **High-Income Dismissal Claims Threshold** A notable change proposed for 2025 is the introduction of an income threshold for unjustified dismissal claims. Under this change, employees earning more than $180,000 base pay per year would no longer be able to make unjustified dismissal claims. This reform is intended to simplify hiring and termination processes for companies and reduce the risk of legal disputes involving high-earning individuals. However, it remains unclear whether this change will significantly alter employment relations dynamics, as high-earning employees are likely to negotiate alternative contractual arrangements to protect their interests, such as non-fault termination clauses or provisions to opt back into the current unjustified dismissal framework. **Restraint of Trade Prohibitions** As of February 2025, the Restraint of Trade Prohibition Bill was at its second reading in Parliament. This bill proposes to prohibit the use of restraint of trade clauses in employment agreements for lower and middle-income employees. If passed, this legislation would significantly impact how employers structure employment agreements and potentially increase workforce mobility for many New Zealand workers. Legal practitioners will need to review and potentially redraft existing employment agreements to ensure compliance with these new restrictions once they come into effect. --- #### Tenancy Law Changes Starting May 1, 2025, new regulations will reshape tenancy regulations in New Zealand, particularly affecting fixed-term tenancies. This legislative update aims to address significant issues that have arisen in the rental market. Key aspects of these changes include: - **Retaliatory Terminations**: The new laws will provide clearer guidelines to prevent landlords from terminating tenancies in retaliation against tenants exercising their rights. This reform is crucial for protecting tenant rights and promoting fair treatment. - **Guidelines on Tenancy Endings**: Enhanced clarity on how tenancies can be legally ended will benefit both landlords and tenants. By offering definitive procedures, misunderstandings related to tenancy terminations are expected to decrease. - **Tenant Rights**: The reforms will also strengthen tenant rights, ensuring they are well-informed about their entitlements throughout the tenancy period. These adjustments aim to create a more equitable rental environment, reflecting the evolving needs of renters across New Zealand. Keeping abreast of these changes is vital for both tenants and landlords as they navigate this updated landscape. --- #### Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Act 2009 The Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Act 2009 is undergoing significant updates, reflecting New Zealand’s commitment to international standards. These changes aim to strengthen the framework for combating financial crime. **Key changes include:** - **Enhanced Compliance Requirements**: Organizations classified as reporting entities will face stricter obligations. This includes comprehensive customer due diligence, monitoring transactions, and reporting suspicious activities. - **Broader Applicability**: More sectors are falling under AML/CFT regulations, expanding beyond traditional finance and real estate to include gaming, lawyers, and accountants. This shift increases the scope of oversight in various industries. - **Implementation of Technology**: The integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning will facilitate better detection of suspicious patterns in financial transactions. Adapting to these reforms is crucial for businesses. Non-compliance can lead to severe penalties, including substantial fines and reputational damage. Legal experts such as Canterbury Legal can assist organisations in understanding their responsibilities under the revised AML/CFT framework, ensuring proactive measures are taken to mitigate risks associated with money laundering and terrorism financing. Staying informed about these changes protects not only individual interests, but also contributes to a safer financial environment across New Zealand. --- #### Camping Laws Update New Zealand’s camping regulations are set for a significant update effective **June 7, 2025**. These changes aim to enhance the management of freedom camping across the country, ensuring a balance between environmental preservation and recreational enjoyment. **Key changes:** - **Vehicle Permits**: All private vehicles utilised for freedom camping will be required to display a **valid permit**. This initiative seeks to regulate where and how individuals can camp in their vehicles, promoting responsible use of public spaces. - **Enhanced Compliance**: The introduction of permits will facilitate enforcement measures, helping local authorities monitor compliance with camping regulations more effectively. The rationale behind these changes is clear: protecting New Zealand’s beautiful landscapes while accommodating the growing popularity of freedom camping. Increased compliance ensures that both campers and local communities benefit from clear guidelines and expectations. As these new rules roll out, understanding their implications becomes essential for anyone looking to enjoy New Zealand’s great outdoors responsibly. --- #### **Conclusion** The legislative changes in New Zealand during 2025 represent a comprehensive and far-reaching reconfiguration of the legal landscape across multiple sectors. From the ambitious replacement of the Resource Management Act to the implementation of firearms reforms, employment law changes, corporate law modernization, and tax system updates, these developments reflect the government’s priorities in reducing regulatory burden, enhancing economic growth, and streamlining legal frameworks. *Canterbury Legal are your expert Christchurch lawyers. [Please get in touch](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) to find out how we can support you best with your legal needs.* Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on New Zealand’s Legal Sector](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-new-zealands-legal-sector/) **Published:** December 19, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ![The impact of Artificial Intelligence on New Zealands legal sector](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/The-impact-of-Artificial-Intelligence-on-New-Zealands-legal-sector-1024x1024.png)The fast and disruptive growth of **artificial intelligence technology** in New Zealand brings both opportunities and challenges. As AI continues to develop at its rampant pace, its integration into various industries such as healthcare, finance, and public services requires a closer look at its effects from a **legal standpoint**. This article aims to explore the current state of AI in New Zealand, focusing on: - Existing laws and regulations governing AI - Ethical considerations surrounding AI adoption - Issues related to public trust in AI systems - Opportunities and risks for legal professionals in the field of AI - Guidelines for ethical usage of AI technologies - Future directions for AI regulation in New Zealand Understanding these aspects is crucial for creating an environment where innovation can flourish while still maintaining ethical standards. It’s important that the discussion about AI’s role in shaping New Zealand’s future includes all relevant parties involved, ensuring that legal perspectives play a significant role in guiding this transformative technology. #### **The Current Landscape of AI in New Zealand** Judith Collins, the Minister of Science, Innovation and Technology, has released a [Cabinet Paper](https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/28913-approach-to-work-on-artificial-intelligence-proactiverelease-pdf "Cabinet Paper") in June 2024 on AI that outlines strategies to promote increased uptake, while emphasising its potential to enhance productivity and improve public services. #### **Key highlights from the Cabinet Paper include:** - **Support for AI Adoption**: The government recognises the importance of leveraging AI technologies to drive efficiency across various sectors. This support is crucial in addressing competitive pressures faced by local businesses against global counterparts. - **Focus on Public Services**: By adopting AI solutions, public services can become more responsive and customer-centric. For instance, innovations in healthcare could lead to faster diagnoses through predictive analytics, while finance sectors may utilise AI for improved risk assessments. #### **Current implementation of AI spans multiple industries:** - **Healthcare**: Hospitals and clinics are increasingly using AI for patient management systems, predictive analytics for treatment outcomes, and resource allocation. - **Finance**: Financial institutions leverage machine learning algorithms for fraud detection and to enhance customer service through chatbots. - **Transportation**: Companies explore autonomous vehicles and smart traffic management systems that optimise routes based on real-time data. While progress is evident, regulatory uncertainties still hinder broader adoption. The government’s ‘light-touch’ approach aims to mitigate these concerns while fostering an environment conducive to innovation. Continuous dialogue among policymakers, industry leaders, and communities will be essential as New Zealand navigates the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence. #### **Regulatory Frameworks Governing AI Technology** New Zealand’s approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) technology involves leveraging existing legal frameworks that ensure ethical and responsible use as opposed to any new legislation being introduced. Currently, three existing key pieces of legislation are applicable: **1. Privacy Act 2020** This Act governs the collection, storage, and use of personal information. It is critical in ensuring data protection as AI technologies often rely on vast datasets that may contain sensitive information. **2. Human Rights Act 1990** This framework emphasises the protection of individual rights and freedoms. As AI systems increasingly influence decision-making processes, adherence to human rights principles becomes paramount to prevent discrimination or bias from AI-driven algorithms. **3. Fair Trading Act 1986** This Act ensures that businesses engage in fair trading practices. With the introduction of AI-driven tools in commerce, this legislation plays a vital role in preventing deceptive or misleading practices inherent in automated systems. Updating these laws is crucial for accommodating innovation while mitigating potential harms associated with AI. Considerations include: - **Incorporating AI-specific guidelines**: Establishing clear rules tailored to AI applications can help navigate potential ethical dilemmas. - **Enhancing compliance mechanisms**: Developing robust procedures for monitoring AI deployments can ensure adherence to existing laws and promote accountability. The New Zealand government is currently advocating for a *light-touch regulatory approach*. This strategy focuses on: - **Risk-based regulation**: Prioritising oversight based on the level of risk associated with specific AI applications allows for flexibility and innovation. - **Utilising existing frameworks**: Rather than implementing a standalone AI Act, the government aims to adapt current laws to address emerging challenges without stifling technological advancement. This careful balancing act between promotion of innovation and protection against harm, forms the foundation for future discussions surrounding AI regulation in New Zealand. #### **Ethical Implications of Using Generative AI Tools in Legal Practice** The rapid and disruptive pace of artificial intelligence technology in New Zealand has raised significant ethical considerations, especially regarding the use of Generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude in legal practice. Legal professionals must navigate a landscape shaped by **ethical obligations** while embracing innovative technologies. **1. Accuracy and Reliability** Generative AI tools can sometimes produce biased outputs or rely on inaccurate information. This presents a risk for legal practitioners who may inadvertently base decisions or advice on flawed data. **2. Client Confidentiality** Lawyers have a duty to protect client information. Utilising AI tools raises questions about data handling. Are these tools secure? Do they comply with privacy regulations? This is where understanding the implications of data input into AI systems is crucial. #### **Privacy and Data Protection Regulations** Legal professionals need to remain vigilant regarding existing privacy and data protection laws, including: - **Privacy Act 2020**: This legislation governs how personal information should be collected, used, and disclosed. When using Generative AI, lawyers must ensure compliance with these standards, particularly when handling sensitive client data. - **Human Rights Act 1990**: Protecting individual rights is paramount. Legal practitioners must consider how AI outputs align with these rights, avoiding any actions that may infringe upon them. #### **Risks Associated with Gen AI Use** The integration of Generative AI into legal work carries potential risks: - **Bias and Discrimination**: Algorithms can reflect societal biases present in their training data. This can result in outputs that may perpetuate discrimination or unfair treatment. - **Dependence on Technology**: Relying heavily on AI tools may diminish the critical thinking skills essential for effective legal practice. Maintaining expertise alongside technological advancements is vital. As New Zealand’s legal landscape evolves with AI technology, understanding these ethical implications becomes increasingly important for fostering responsible and effective legal practices. #### **Public Trust and Perception Issues with Artificial Intelligence Technologies** Public sentiment towards artificial intelligence (AI) in New Zealand reflects significant concern. Recent surveys, particularly the **2023 Internet Insights survey**, reveal that over half of New Zealanders are worried about the misuse of AI technologies. This level of mistrust can be attributed to several factors: **1. Lack of Understanding** Many consumers and businesses do not fully grasp how AI works, leading to fears about potential harm or unintended consequences. **2. Malicious Use** There is anxiety surrounding the possibility of AI being used for malicious purposes, such as data breaches, [deep fake technology](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2024/04/04/deepfakes-a-legislative-gap-in-new-zealand/ "deep fake technology") or privacy violations. **3. Regulatory Concerns** A perceived lack of regulation contributes to hesitation. Businesses express anxiety regarding compliance with existing laws and ethical guidelines. #### **Risks and Challenges Faced by Legal Professionals When Using Generative AI Tools** The integration of Generative AI tools into legal practice introduces several **risks and challenges** that warrant careful consideration. Legal professionals must navigate a landscape defined by compliance obligations, intellectual property rights, and cybersecurity threats. #### **Compliance Risks** Using Generative AI tools can lead to significant **compliance challenges**, particularly in adhering to existing regulations such as the Privacy Act 2020. Lawyers must ensure that: - Data inputted into AI systems complies with privacy standards. - Client consent is obtained before processing personal information through external tools. - Transparency is maintained regarding how AI-generated outcomes are derived. Failure to address these compliance requirements may expose legal practitioners to regulatory scrutiny and potential penalties. #### **Intellectual Property Risks** The use of Generative AI raises critical **intellectual property concerns**. For instance, data scraping—where algorithms extract large amounts of data from various sources—can inadvertently infringe on copyright protections. Key considerations include: - The legality of using copyrighted material for training AI models. - Potential liability for unauthorised reproduction of protected works. - Challenges in determining ownership of content generated by AI tools, which may blend original and learned data. Legal practitioners need a clear understanding of these intellectual property dynamics to mitigate risks associated with Gen AI technologies. #### **Cybersecurity Risks** As law firms increasingly adopt technology-driven solutions, **cybersecurity risks** become more pronounced. Key aspects include: - Protection against data breaches that could compromise sensitive client information. - Ensuring robust security measures are in place when utilising cloud-based AI services. - Awareness of the potential for malicious attacks targeting vulnerable AI systems. Addressing these cybersecurity concerns is essential for maintaining client trust and safeguarding professional integrity in an era marked by rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technology. #### **Guidelines for Ethical Use of Generative AI Tools in Legal Services: Ensuring Client Consent and Transparency Requirements Are Met** The rise of Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT and Google Bard in legal services presents unique ethical challenges. To navigate these, New Zealand law firms must adopt robust **ethical use guidelines** tailored to their practices. Key recommendations include: **1. Obtain Client Consent** Prioritise obtaining explicit consent from clients before processing their data through external AI tools. This fosters trust and upholds the principle of informed consent. **2. Transparency Requirements** Clearly communicate to clients if and how AI tools will be utilised in their cases. Outline the potential benefits and limitations of using these technologies, ensuring clients are fully aware of any risks involved. **3. Regular Training** Implement ongoing training programs for staff on ethical considerations when utilising AI tools. This ensures that all team members understand their responsibilities regarding client data and ethical standards. **4. Quality Assurance Protocols** Establish protocols to verify the outputs generated by AI tools. Human oversight is crucial to mitigate risks associated with biased or inaccurate information. By adhering to these guidelines, legal professionals can maintain ethical standards while leveraging technology to enhance efficiency in their practice. #### **Future Directions For The Regulation Of Artificial Intelligence In New Zealand: Aligning With International Standards And Addressing Unique Local Needs** The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence technology requires a forward-thinking approach to regulation. New Zealand has the opportunity to develop a strong regulatory framework that aligns with international standards, such as the **OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence Regulation**. This alignment can ensure that the country remains competitive while addressing local needs, particularly those of **Māori communities**. #### **Key considerations for future AI regulation include:** - **Adaptability**: Establish regulations that can evolve alongside emerging technologies, like machine learning algorithms, which present unique challenges. - **Inclusivity**: Engage with Māori stakeholders to incorporate their perspectives and values into regulatory frameworks, ensuring equitable access and benefits from AI advancements. - **Collaboration**: Foster partnerships between government agencies, industry leaders, and academic institutions to share insights and develop best practices for responsible AI use. Addressing these elements will not only enhance public trust but also create a legal environment that encourages innovation while safeguarding societal interests. As New Zealand navigates this complex landscape, proactive measures will be essential in harnessing the full potential of AI. #### **Conclusion** The rapid and disruptive pace of artificial intelligence technology in New Zealand from a legal perspective presents both opportunities and challenges. Striking a balance between fostering innovation through responsible regulation while upholding ethical standards is crucial in the legal sector. Creating a trustworthy environment around AI will pave the way for enhanced public services while protecting individual rights. By embracing collaboration, New Zealand can lead by example in developing an ethical and innovative approach to artificial intelligence that resonates globally. --- *Canterbury Legal are your expert Christchurch lawyers. Please get in touch to find out how we can support you best with your legal needs.* Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Budget 2018: No changes for first home buyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/budget-2018-first-home-buyers/) **Published:** May 20, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **While Labour was vocal on the campaign trail about helping people into their first home, there’s not much for those people to get excited about in this year’s Budget.**![Getting into your first home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/firsthome.jpg)There are no direct initiatives to help prospective first home buyers in Canterbury, though there are a few measures which will help some in other parts of the country, and others which might dampen rising costs in the years to come. ### **KiwiBuild** KiwiBuild aims to build 100,000 affordable homes for first home buyers in the next 10 years. The Budget revealed that the Government will put $234.4m towards building 6400 new homes over the next four years. Unfortunately, KiwiBuild isn’t seeking proposals for developments in Canterbury, so it’s unlikely this will do much for first home buyers down this way. That’s about all that’s come directly from the Budget. There are a few other initiatives announced recently which might work to dampen the property investment market, which will in turn make things a little easier for first home buyers—but it’s still not much in the way of help. ### **Foreign ownership restrictions** In December 2017 the Government introduced a bill to amend the *Overseas Investment Act 2005*, which would have the effect of preventing non-residents from buying existing residential property. The Bill is currently at Select Committee stage, with a report expected back in June. Should the Bill pass in its current form, this may reduce demand and competition for homes, leaving more opportunities for first home buyers here. But it’s far from a guarantee. ### **Extension of the bright-line test** The bright-line test is used to figure out if you need to pay tax on the sale of residential property. Essentially, it’s about whether you bought a property with the intention of selling it quickly for a profit. If you bought a property between 1 October 2015 and 28 March 2018, you would need to pay tax on its sale if you sold within two years, unless: - it’s your main home - it was transferred to you as part of an inheritance - or it was transferred to you as an executor/administrator of a deceased estate. That test isn’t changing much—but it is being extended. If you buy a property after 29 March 2018, the bright-line test is now for properties sold within five years. That may dampen property speculation, and therefore again reduce competition for first-home buyers. **Ring-fencing losses on residential property**Finally, the Government is considering [loss ring-fencing rules](http://taxpolicy.ird.govt.nz/news/2018-03-29-issues-paper-loss-ring-fencing-rental-properties-released), which would prevent property investors from offsetting losses on property investments against other income. The aim is to “level the playing field” between investors and home buyers. At the moment, investors can offset the cost of servicing their mortgages with reduced tax on their other income sources, which makes purchasing properties easier. The Government expects that this will also reduce competition and potentially slow rising house prices. ### **Still uncertainty for first home buyers** Most of these initiatives look to dampen the housing market generally—but that will take time, and first home buyers in particular might feel reluctant to dive in until the effect of the changes are known. It’s not as certain as, say, [National’s campaign promise to double the HomeStart grant](https://www.national.org.nz/national_to_increase_support_for_first_home_buyers). But that doesn’t mean holding back is always a good idea. If you’ve been thinking of buying your first home, have a chat with us. We can help you consider your options, and figure out what your next steps should be. And if you’re already planning on buying your home, then we’re only too happy to help you get in the door. [Talk with us about getting all your legal needs sorted.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** News, Residential --- ### [Your 2024 Guide to New Zealand Law Changes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/your-2024-guide-to-new-zealand-law-changes/) **Published:** May 17, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ![Image showing all members of the New Zealand Coalition Government](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1.jpeg)We are well into the first year since the current government took office. With any new incoming government it can be a challenge to keep up with all the changes to legislation that take place. This guide is to help summarise some of the key changes that have taken place in 2024. Irrespective of where you sit on the political spectrum, the current coalition government has set the record for laws being passed ‘under urgency’ in the first 100 days of any MMP government in history. This means, like it or not, that there has been wide sweeping changes to existing legislation, with laws being repealed or new legislation put in place. W**hat does it mean to have laws being passed ‘under urgency’?** It means a shortening of time available for debate on legislation and to truncate or skip entirely the usual select committee process. The current government’s action plan wrapped up in March 2024 and resulted in 49 of its action points being checked off. In total, urgency has been declared 8 different times to pass 61 stages of 21 different bills, 13 of which were passed under urgency. #### What was top of mind for kiwis leading into the 2023 election? People using [One News Vote Compass](https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/09/15/vote-compass-reveals-top-issues-on-the-minds-of-kiwis/ "One News Vote Compass") in the lead up to the 2023 general election were asked: “What issue is most important to you in this election?” The top five issues identified through the responses included: 1. Cost of living (28%) 2. Economy (17%) 3. Healthcare (14%) 4. Crime (9%) 5. Environment (8%) With inflation peaking in June 2022, the cost of living became and still remains a nationwide conversation. As a result, a good majority of action points formulated by the government came under this heading ![Chart showcasing inflation to May 2024](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Chart-showcasing-inflation-to-May-2024-1024x684.webp)*Chart showcasing the trajectory of inflation through to May 2024* – *Stats NZ (Source)*#### Let’s wind back to the result of the 2023 General Election [The 2023 coalition government of National, Act and New Zealand](https://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/ "The 2023 coalition government of National, Act and New Zealand") had a number of firsts. - It was the first three party coalition in New Zealand’s history – comprising of the National Party (38.08%), ACT Party (8.64%) and the New Zealand First Party (6.08%). - 49 action points were agreed upon once the new government was officially sworn in for the first 100 days of the incoming government. *PM Christopher Luxon fires up policy incinerator with new Govt’s 100-day plan*#### What was in, what was out? The new coalition government embarked on an ambitious 100 day plan. This centered on three core categories: 1. Rebuild the economy & ease the cost of living 2. Restore law & order 3. Deliver better public services #### Rebuild the economy & ease the cost of living In total there were 24 action points that fell under this category. 1. Stop work on the Income Insurance Scheme. 2. Stop work on Industry Transformation Plans. 3. Stop work on the Lake Onslow pumped hydro scheme. 4. Begin efforts to double renewable energy production, including a NPS on Renewable Electricity Generation. 5. Withdraw central government from Let’s Get Wellington Moving (LGWM). 6. Meet with councils and communities to establish regional requirements for recovery from Cyclone Gabrielle and other recent major flooding events. 7. Make any additional Orders in Council needed to speed up cyclone and flood recovery efforts. 8. Start reducing public sector expenditure, including consultant and contractor expenditure. 9. Introduce legislation to narrow the Reserve Bank’s mandate to price stability. 10. Introduce legislation to remove the Auckland Fuel Tax. 11. Cancel fuel tax hikes. 12. Begin work on a new GPS reflecting the new Roads of National Significance and new public transport priorities. 13. Repeal the Clean Car Discount scheme by 31 December 2023. 14. Stop blanket speed limit reductions and start work on replacing the Land Transport Rule: Setting of Speed Limits 2022. 15. Stop central government work on the Auckland Light Rail project. 16. Repeal the Fair Pay Agreement legislation. 17. Introduce legislation to restore 90-day trial periods for all businesses. 18. Start work to improve the quality of regulation. 19. Begin work on a National Infrastructure Agency. 20. Introduce legislation to repeal the Water Services Entities Act 2022. 21. Repeal the Spatial Planning and Natural and Built Environment Act and introduce a fast-track consenting regime. 22. Begin to cease implementation of new Significant Natural Areas and seek advice on operation of the areas. 23. Take policy decisions to amend the Overseas Investment Act 2005 to make it easier for build-to-rent housing to be developed in New Zealand. 24. Begin work to enable more houses to be built, by implementing the Going for Housing Growth policy and making the Medium Density Residential Standards optional for councils #### Restore law & order In total there were 8 action points that fell under this category. 25. Abolish the previous Government’s prisoner reduction target. 26. Introduce legislation to ban gang patches, stop gang members gathering in public, and stop known gang offenders from communicating with one another. 27. Give Police greater powers to search gang members for firearms and make gang membership an aggravating factor at sentencing. 28. Stop taxpayer funding for section 27 cultural reports. 29. Introduce legislation to extend eligibility to offence-based rehabilitation programmes to remand prisoners. 30. Begin work to crack down on serious youth offending. 31. Enable more virtual participation in court proceedings. 32. Begin to repeal and replace Part 6 of the Arms Act 1983 relating to clubs and ranges. #### Deliver better public services In total there were 17 action points that fell under this category. 33. Stop all work on He Puapua. 34. Improve security for the health workforce in hospital emergency departments. 35. Sign an MoU with Waikato University to progress a third medical school. 36. By 1 December 2023, lodge a reservation against adopting amendments to WHO health regulations to allow the government to consider these against a “national interest test”. 37. Require primary and intermediate schools to teach an hour of reading, writing and maths per day starting in 2024. 38. Ban the use of cellphones in schools. 39. Appoint an Expert Group to redesign the English and maths curricula for primary school students. 40. Begin disestablishing Te Pukenga. 41. Begin work on delivering better public services and strengthening democracy. 42. Set five major targets for health system, including for wait times and cancer treatment. 43. Introduce legislation to disestablish the Māori Health Authority. 44. Take first steps to extend free breast cancer screening to those aged up to 74 45. Repeal amendments to the Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products Act 1990 and regulations 46. Allow the sale of cold medication containing pseudoephedrine 47. Begin work to repeal the Therapeutics Products Act 2023 48. Establish a priority one category on the social housing waitlist to move families out of emergency housing into permanent homes more quickly 49. Commission an independent review into Kāinga Ora’s financial situation, procurement, and asset management #### What has happened in the initial months following the election - All 49 points of the above action plan have been delivered on within the first 100 days of government - The inflation rate has fallen towards the target range as the Reserve Bank has continued to put in place measures to curb high inflation rates. - Government department spending has reduced and tax cuts are set to be further deployed by July - Cost of living concerns and higher interest rates remain on many kiwis minds - Upcoming May budget is due out on the 30th May 2024. This is where kiwis will be able to see the books and how the current government is tracking relative to the pledges it has made. Here is a podcast from New Zealand Herald in the lead up to the May budget – **[Budget 2024 preview: Can the Government deliver on its pledges?](https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1049-on-the-tiles-86725722/episode/budget-2024-preview-can-the-government-174969384/ "Budget 2024 preview: Can the Government deliver on its pledges?")** #### What other legislation changes are being proposed, or have come into effect? **Residential Tenancies Amendment Bill 2024** This bill passed its first reading on the 21st of May 2024. It proposes significant changes to rental laws. Submissions were closed on the 3rd of July with a report due back to the select committee later in 2024. The key proposed changes include: - Re-instating 90 day “no cause” terminations for periodic tenancies - Introducing pet bonds to encourage landlords to accept tenants with pets - Allowance given to landlords to end fixed-term tenancies without specific reasons - Enabling some Tenancy Tribunal decisions to be made without oral hearings **Employment Law Changes** - Repeal of the Fair Pay Agreements Act 2022 - 90-day trial periods can now be used by all employers, not just small businesses - Minimum wage increase to $23.15 per hour from April 1st 2024 - Worker Protection (Migrant and other Employees) Act 2023 came into effect on January 6th 2024 **Tax Policy Changes** - Potential increase in Trustee tax to 39% - Plans to restore residential rental property interest deductability - Proposed adjustment to individual income tax thresholds from July 2024. - [More information on the proposed tax changes can be found here](https://www.deloitte.com/nz/en/services/tax/perspectives/the-2024-tax-policy-guide.html "More information on the proposed tax changes can be found here") **Firearm Prohibition Orders Legislation Amendment Bill** - The majority of recommendations by the Law Society were accepted. The bill’s scope was refined to focus predominantly on gang-related offending. **Repeal of the Business Payment Practices Act 2023** - The government announced plans to repeal this act before its full provisions come into force on May 1st 2024. **New Migrant Worker Protection Measures:** - Employers must provide employment-related documentation within ten working days when requested by an Immigration Officer - New immigration infringement notices have been introduced - The Chief Executive of MBIE has gained new powers to publish names of employers not complying with the Immigration Act **Environmental and Energy Policy Changes**: - Discontinuation of the Clean Car Discount scheme (December 31, 2023) - Proposed amendments to the Crown Minerals Act 1991 (currently under consultation): - Changes proposed to modernise the Act and improve its operation - Consultation opened in 2024 with submissions being invited - Aims to ensure the regulatory framework remains fit for purpose for the energy transition Canterbury Legal is committed to delivering high quality legal services and support to a wide range of kiwis. With many of the legislation changes over the last year we are well equipped to provide support across a wide range of different legal needs. Proudly in your corner since 1991. --- *Canterbury Legal are your expert Christchurch lawyers. [Please get in touch](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please get in touch") to find out how we can support you best with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit ``` Posted on Google L B Outstanding service from Angela went out of her way to help me and I knew she was looking out for me, can’t thank her enough, and i would def use her again Posted on Google M M Angela was brilliant helping us through purchasing our home. Down to earth approach and ability to explain what’s going on at each stage put us at ease! Definitely recommend Posted on Google D G Angela at CAN Legal, made our purchase of our house super easy. So appreciative of all the hard work she put into making things easy for us. I would recommend using CAN Legal for anything you need doing. Posted on Google S U Angela was very helpful and supportive in our journey purchasing our first home. she was always available and responded quickly to any questions we had. she has made the whole process very simple and easy to understand, which helped us to stay calm in stressful situation. In person Angela was very humble and knowledgeable and down-to-earth person we have met. Thank You Angela for your time. Posted on Google S W We had the pleasure of dealing with Angela throughout the entire process, and she made what could have been a stressful experience feel smooth and easy to understand — especially as we were buying our first home. Her guidance, clear communication, and continued support right through to the end made all the difference. Thank you, Angela, for helping make it such a seamless transaction. We’re truly grateful. I recommend her to everyone. Posted on Google E G We worked with Angela to purchase our house, and found her very easy to work with. She was very responsive, flexible to meet our timeframes and help out at short notice, and walked us through the process in a very clear way. We would highly recommend working with her. Posted on Google S S Very helpful Posted on Google J J Me and my Husband worked with Anglea as first home buyers she explained everything so well and gave us really good advice which in the end landed us our dream home 😃 thanks to all the team! Verified by Trustindex Trustindex verified badge is the Universal Symbol of Trust. Only the greatest companies can get the verified badge who has a review score above 4.5, based on customer reviews over the past 12 months. Read more ``` **Categories:** Business, New Amendments, News --- ### [Is the Kāinga Ora First Home Grant Still Available in New Zealand?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/is-the-kainga-ora-first-home-grant-still-available-in-new-zealand/) **Published:** October 28, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ![New Home Owners](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/New-Home-Owners.webp)The path to homeownership in New Zealand has long been supported by various government initiatives, with the **Kāinga Ora First Home Grant** scheme standing as one of the most significant programs for first-time buyers. This initiative has been a crucial stepping stone for many New Zealanders, providing eligible individuals and couples with financial assistance to help turn their homeownership dreams into reality. Recent developments in 2024 have brought about changes to the first home buyer landscape, leaving many prospective homeowners navigating a shifting terrain of opportunities and challenges. As the housing market continues to evolve, understanding these changes and their implications for your homebuying journey has become more crucial than ever. The most significant shift came in May 2024, when Kāinga Ora announced substantial changes to their First Home Grant scheme. From 1pm on the 22nd of May 2024, the program stopped accepting new applications, marking a pivotal moment for prospective buyers. While applications submitted before this deadline are still being considered, this development has prompted many to explore alternative pathways to homeownership. #### Why was the First Home Buyer Grant discontinued? Several factors likely contributed to this discontinuation: - **Funding Constraints**: As demand for housing continues to rise, Kāinga Ora has faced increasing pressure on its budget. Allocating funds efficiently while addressing broader housing challenges became a priority. - **Market Dynamics**: Changes in the housing market have prompted a reassessment of existing support programs. With property prices fluctuating and lending criteria tightening, it became necessary to explore alternative strategies for assisting buyers. - **Policy Shift**: The incoming government indicated a desire to refine its approach to homeownership support. This may involve focusing on more sustainable solutions that address long-term housing needs, rather than temporary financial assistance. #### Implications for First Home Buyers The cessation of the First Home Grant scheme presents several challenges for aspiring homeowners: - **Increased Financial Burden**: Without this grant, many first home buyers may struggle with higher deposit requirements and affordability issues. The absence of a government-backed subsidy can make it harder for individuals and families to amass the necessary funds for purchasing their first property. - **Potential Delays in Home Ownership**: For some, this change could result in postponed plans to buy a home. The dream of owning property may feel further out of reach as buyers navigate increasingly competitive markets without additional support. - **Shift in Focus**: While this news can be disheartening, it encourages prospective buyers to look into alternative options. Exploring different pathways can help mitigate the impact of this grant’s discontinuation and keep the goal of homeownership attainable. #### Exploring Available Alternatives for First Home Buyers Fortunately, various alternatives remain available to assist aspiring homeowners on their journey. Below are key programs designed to provide first home buyer support. #### 1. Kāinga Ora First Home Loan The **[Kāinga Ora First Home Loan](https://kaingaora.govt.nz/en_NZ/home-ownership/first-home-loan/ "Kāinga Ora First Home Loan")** program plays a crucial role in helping first-time buyers secure a mortgage with a lower deposit requirement. This initiative aims to enable individuals and families to enter the housing market despite financial constraints. #### Overview and Purpose - The program allows eligible buyers to apply for a loan with a deposit as low as 5% of the property’s purchase price. - It is specifically tailored for individuals who may struggle to save for a larger deposit. #### Eligibility Criteria To qualify for the Kāinga Ora First Home Loan, applicants must meet specific criteria: - **Income Caps**: There are income limits based on household size that applicants need to adhere to. For example, single buyers may have different caps compared to couples or families. - **Age Restrictions**: Generally, applicants must be at least 18 years old. - **First-Time Buyer Status**: Applicants should not have previously owned a home. #### Benefits The benefits associated with this loan option are significant: - Lower deposit requirements make it easier for first-time buyers to enter the property market. - Access to competitive interest rates can lead to more affordable monthly repayments. - The ability to borrow up to 95% of the property’s value reduces financial strain during the initial buying process. #### 2. KiwiSaver First Home Withdrawal The ending of the Kāinga Ora First Home Grant may worry first home buyers, but there are still good options available to help buy a first property. Another commonly sought way is through the **[KiwiSaver First Home Withdrawal](https://kaingaora.govt.nz/en_NZ/home-ownership/kiwisaver-first-home-withdrawal/ "KiwiSaver First Home Withdrawal")**. #### Using KiwiSaver for Your First Home KiwiSaver is not just a retirement savings plan; it can also be used by first-time buyers. Here’s how people can use their KiwiSaver money: - **Withdrawal Amount**: Eligible members can take out their savings, minus any member tax credits, to help pay for the deposit and purchase costs. **Eligibility Criteria**: - Must have been a KiwiSaver member for at least three years. - The property must be the buyer’s first home. - The house value must fall within specified limits, which vary by region. #### Withdrawal Process To access your KiwiSaver funds, you need to follow these steps: 1. **Confirm Eligibility**: Make sure you meet the criteria mentioned above. 2. **Complete Application**: Fill out the required forms from your KiwiSaver provider. 3. **Provide Documentation**: Submit necessary documents such as proof of identity and details about the property you want to buy. 4. **Receive Funds**: Once approved, the money will be sent directly to your lawyer or conveyancer. Using the KiwiSaver First Home Withdrawal can greatly reduce the financial stress caused by higher deposit requirements that many first home buyers face today. As other options like Kāinga Whenua Loans, Tenant Home Ownership Options, and the KiwiBuild Initiative become available, it’s important for aspiring homeowners to explore these paths as they navigate this changing situation. #### 3. Kāinga Whenua Loans [**Kāinga Whenua Loans**](https://kaingaora.govt.nz/en_NZ/home-ownership/kainga-whenua/kainga-whenua-loans-for-individuals/ "Kāinga Whenua Loans") provide an essential pathway for Māori individuals or families aiming to build or purchase a home on multiple-owned Māori land. This initiative recognises the unique challenges faced by Māori in accessing housing options and addresses their aspirations for homeownership. #### **Key Features of Kāinga Whenua Loans:** - **Target Demographic**: Specifically designed for Māori individuals or families. - **Purpose**: Supports buyers in acquiring homes on multiple-owned land, which may otherwise present complications in the financing process. #### **Eligibility Criteria:** - Applicants must be of Māori descent. - The land must be classified as multiple-owned Māori land. - Clear documentation proving ownership and the ability to build or purchase a home on the land is required. #### **Application Process:** 1. **Engagement with Kāinga Ora**: Interested applicants need to contact Kāinga Ora for guidance on the application process. 2. **Documentation Submission**: Required documents include proof of identity, evidence of Māori ancestry, and ownership details of the land. 3. **Loan Assessment**: Kāinga Ora will assess applications based on individual circumstances and project viability. #### 4. Tenant Home Ownership Options Kāinga Ora offers several programs aimed at assisting current tenants who wish to purchase their homes in a financially feasible manner. These options provide a pathway for existing tenants living in Kāinga Ora properties to transition from renting to homeownership. #### Available Programs - **Tenant Purchase Scheme**: This initiative allows tenants of Kāinga Ora to buy their homes at a discounted price. The discount varies based on how long the tenant has lived in the property, making it an appealing option for those who have established a long-term residence. - **Shared Ownership Programme**: Under this scheme, tenants can buy a portion of their home while continuing to rent the remaining share. This arrangement reduces the initial financial burden and allows for gradual ownership over time. #### Eligibility Criteria To qualify for these programs, prospective buyers must meet certain eligibility requirements: - **Current Tenancy**: Applicants need to be current tenants living in a Kāinga Ora property. - **Income Limits**: There are income caps that applicants must adhere to, ensuring that assistance is directed towards those who need it most. - **Application Process**: Interested individuals should contact Kāinga Ora directly or visit their website for guidance on how to apply. Detailed information about required documentation and timelines can be found through these channels. #### 5. KiwiBuild Initiative *[Please note, this scheme is winding down. For more information and the latest updates, please check out the following link.](https://www.kiwibuild.govt.nz/ "Please note, this scheme is winding down. For more information, please check out the following link.")* If you don’t qualify for the options mentioned earlier, the **KiwiBuild Initiative** offers another opportunity for potential homeowners. This program, launched by the New Zealand government, aims to provide affordable housing solutions specifically designed for first-time home buyers. #### Key Features of KiwiBuild: - **Target Audience**: Designed for first-time buyers and those who have not owned a home in the past five years. - **Affordable Housing**: KiwiBuild homes are sold at below market rates, making them more accessible to individuals and families struggling with high property prices. - **Investment in Community**: The initiative focuses on creating vibrant communities, encouraging sustainable living practices, and ensuring that housing developments meet ecological standards. #### Benefits of Participating in KiwiBuild: - **Lower Purchase Prices**: Homes within the KiwiBuild framework typically have reduced prices compared to standard market listings, easing the financial burden for buyers. - **Supportive Environment**: Through partnerships with builders and local councils, KiwiBuild fosters an ecosystem that supports new homeowners every step of the way. --- The discontinuation of the Kāinga Ora First Home Grant has left many prospective buyers grappling with financial challenges. One significant impact can be the increase in **deposit requirements** set by lenders. Traditionally, first home buyers relied on grants to ease the burden of saving for a deposit. Without this support, many may find themselves facing higher expectations from banks and mortgage providers. #### Common Financial Challenges #### 1. Increased Deposit Requirements Many lenders now expect larger deposits, often ranging from 10% to 20% of the property value. This requirement can be daunting for first home buyers who were previously able to rely on grants for assistance. #### 2. Changing Interest Rates With fluctuating interest rates, potential buyers may find that their borrowing capacity decreases. This factor affects affordability and can deter individuals from entering the property market. #### 3. Cost of Living Pressures Current economic conditions have led to increased living costs, making it difficult for first home buyers to save effectively for a deposit while managing everyday expenses. #### Tips for Managing Deposits and Exploring Mortgage Options To navigate these financial hurdles, consider the following strategies: 1. **Create a Savings Plan**: Establish a dedicated savings account for your deposit. Set achievable monthly targets based on your income and expenses to help build your savings progressively. 2. **Explore Government Assistance**: Investigate other support options available through government initiatives like KiwiSaver withdrawals or Kāinga Whenua loans that can supplement your deposit. 3. **Research Mortgage Options**: Look into various mortgage products that offer lower deposit requirements or flexible lending criteria. Speak with multiple lenders to compare interest rates and terms. 4. **Talk to Experts**: Consulting with financial advisors or mortgage brokers can provide tailored advice based on your unique circumstances, ensuring you choose the best path forward. By being proactive and informed about your options, first home buyers can still find pathways to homeownership despite the challenges posed by the discontinuation of the First Home Grant scheme. #### Seeking Legal Assistance: A Crucial Step in Your Journey Towards Homeownership Navigating the complex processes involved in buying a property can be daunting, especially for first-time buyers. Understanding legalities surrounding home purchases is essential to ensure a smooth transaction. Engaging professional legal guidance can significantly ease this journey. #### Why Seek Legal Advice for Home Purchases? - **Complex Legislation**: Real estate laws can be intricate and vary by region. First-time buyers might find it challenging to grasp these nuances without assistance. - **Contractual Obligations**: A property purchase agreement involves binding contracts that require careful review and understanding. Legal experts can help clarify terms and conditions, ensuring buyers are fully informed. - **Risk Mitigation**: Involving a lawyer helps identify potential issues early in the process, from title defects to zoning regulations, safeguarding the buyer’s interests. #### About Canterbury Legal Canterbury Legal stands out as a reputable law firm based in Christchurch. Specialising in assisting clients throughout their home buying journey, their experienced team provides comprehensive support tailored to individual needs. By seeking legal advice from Canterbury Legal, first-time buyers gain access to invaluable resources such as: - **Expert Guidance**: Their team offers insights into navigating the property market and understanding financing options. - **[First Home Buyers Guide](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/first-home-buyers-guide-new-zealand/ "First Home Buyers Guide")**: An informative resource that outlines the steps involved in purchasing a first home, helping buyers feel empowered and informed. Engaging with knowledgeable professionals like those at Canterbury Legal ensures that aspiring homeowners are well-equipped to tackle the complexities of property transactions. --- Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** New Amendments, Property, Residential --- ### [COVID-19 Coronavirus and the Law: what you need to know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/covid-19-coronavirus-law-legal-implications/) **Published:** March 19, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** We hope you and yours are faring well amid the COVID-19 Coronavirus outbreak. We remain open as normal, and operating in accordance with Ministry of Health recommendations. (You’ll have seen a lot of messages like this recently, [so we’ve tucked the key details about our operations at the bottom of this](#canterbury-legal).) We know there’ll be a lot on your minds at the moment, but based on our experience of past crises, and on questions from our clients, we think it’s worth addressing a few issues about COVID-19 Coronavirus and the law, and what the legal implications of Coronavirus might be. ### Coronavirus and Personal Legal Arrangements We’ve been fortunate COVID-19 has spread as little as it has in New Zealand so far. But these kinds of events always remind us of the worst-case scenarios. Now and always it’s important to have all your personal legal affairs in order. That means: - [Ensuring you have a will](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills/) and that it’s up-to-date. - Working through [estate planning](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estates-administration/). - Looking at [family trusts and asset protection](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/family-trust-asset-protection/). - Organising [powers of attorney](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estates-administration/). These are the kind of matters that you’ll need to address at some point. Now’s a good time to get it all out of the way. We’ll take you through a simple legal health check to help you make sure everything is in order. [Talk With Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) ### **Coronavirus and Business Contracts** ![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/businesstax-300x193.jpg)As businesses in New Zealand and abroad feel the effects of COVID-19 disruptions, closures and travel bans, there’ll be a lot of contracts and agreements that may need careful review. Depending on how they were drafted, your contracts may put you in a very fortunate or unfortunate position. Perhaps you or another party to your contract can no longer fulfil an obligation due to COVID-19. If your contract includes a **force majeure** provision, it may allow a party to breach the contract without the normal penalties. Force majeure comes into play when certain unanticipated events have made it impossible for one or both parties to fulfil their obligations. Whether a force majeure provision applies, and what it means, will depend on how it’s drafted. We can help you review your existing contracts and advise you what implications any force majeure provisions (or lack thereof) might mean. When it comes to drafting future contracts, we can help you make sure they’ll achieve what you need even in times of crisis. [Talk With Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) ### **Coronavirus and General Business Matters** The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s business.govt.nz website features a range of updates about [how COVID-19 may affect New Zealand businesses](https://www.business.govt.nz/news/coronavirus-information-for-businesses/) and how the Government is responding. There’s plenty more to consider. As with your personal legal arrangements, we can give you a business legal health check and advise you on what’s available to help your business get through. [Talk With Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) ### **Coronavirus, landlords, investment properties and property management** The Government hasn’t announced any new policies, regulations or legislation applying to tenancies and rental properties. Tenants, landlords and property owners should refer to the [Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Tenancy Services website](https://www.tenancy.govt.nz/about-tenancy-services/news/coronavirus-covid-19-what-landlords-and-tenants-need-to-know/) for more information on their COVID-19 rights and obligations. [Talk With Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) ### **Coronavirus and the Courts** The Courts of New Zealand are operating as normal as of 18 March, per [guidance from Chief Justice Helen Winkelmann](https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/news-and-communications/latest-news/news/chief-justice-advises-on-court-business-and-covid-19). However, as with all gatherings in public places, people are asked to stay at home if: - they are unwell, - have been in China, Iran, Italy or the Republic of Korea in the last 14 days, or - have been in close contact with someone with a confirmed case of COVID-19 in the last 14 days. We’ll advise any clients with upcoming proceedings of any impacts. ### **Coronavirus and Canterbury Legal** As of 24 March 2020, [our team is working remotely](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/working-remotely-covid-19-law-firm/), in accordance with the latest updates to the COVID-19 alert system. Rest assured, we’re all still available and ready to help. We encourage you to call or email [our team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-people/) with anything you need. Stay safe, and please let us know if there’s anything we can do to help, --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, News, Property --- ### [Understanding the Legal Status of Uber Drivers in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/uber-drivers-employees/) **Published:** April 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Uber drivers are often treated as contractors - but are Uber drivers employees in reality? And what does that mean for employers and contractors in other businesses? **Content:** **Uber drivers are often treated as contractors – but are Uber drivers employees in reality? And what does that mean for employers and contractors in other businesses?** Last year we talked about an [Employment Court case which hinged on whether a courier driver was an employee or contractor](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=4d829e07b1&e=2b9b736768) of the defendant company. While that case was very much about the specific scenario in question, it did raise broader questions about what defines an employee, and what defines a contractor. For companies, that can affect what rights and benefits they need to provide. And it showed that in some circumstances, a courier driver can be an employee, even if they’re referred to as a contractor. The label alone isn’t enough. Where else is that question relevant? The ever-expanding gig economy, including services such as Uber. That’s why we’ve been all interested to hear the [outcome of a case brought by Atapattu “Shane” Arachchige](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=7bef2f156c&e=2b9b736768), a former Uber driver who sought an Employment Court declaration that he was an employee of Uber, rather than a contractor. ![Are Uber drivers employees, or contractors? A recent case has raised the question.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Uber_Driver_Employee-1024x683.png)Unlike the courier case, [Arachchige was found by the Employment Court to be an independent contractor](https://adls.org.nz/Story?Action=View&Story_id=282). But again it shows that the wording of the relationship isn’t enough: the matters that determine whether someone is an employee or contractor will include the way a contract is actually being performed. It’s likely most Uber drivers operate in a way similar to Mr. Arachchige, and would therefore also be considered contractors. But it serves as another reminder to both companies and contractors that they should pay careful attention to the way any contract relationship is carried out. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, Employment, News **Tags:** contractors, employees --- ### [What You Need to Know About Surrogacy in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/surrogacy-new-zealand/) **Published:** October 26, 2017 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ***No Commercial Surrogacy*** ***![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Surrogacy-Image.jpg)*** Surrogacy is the conception method by which a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for a different couple who will become the parents after the child’s birth. In New Zealand, it can be extremely difficult for couples who have trouble conceiving to move forward with a surrogacy arrangement. Surrogacy is legal in New Zealand where the surrogate mother donates her services altruistically, with no payment made other than the coverage of related and reasonable expenses by the intended parents. However, under the Human Assisted Reproductive Technology (“**HART**”) Act 2004, it is illegal to give or receive valuable consideration for a surrogacy arrangement. This means that commercial surrogacy, where surrogate receives compensation in addition to expenses, is illegal. ***Approval Process*** While the HART Act addresses commercial surrogacy, it is not legislation specifically aimed at dealing with surrogacy arrangements. New Zealand does not have such specific legislation, which has led to the HART Act encompassing all surrogacy cases. In order to enter into a surrogacy arrangement, approval from the Ethics Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology must be obtained. This Committee will determine, among other mandatory considerations and requirements, that: 1. Where there is one intending parent, he or she will be a genetic parent of any resulting child; or 2. Where there are two intending parents, at least one will be a genetic parent of any resulting child; and 3. There has been discussion, understanding, and declared intentions between the parties about the day-to-day care, guardianship, and adoption of any resulting child, and any ongoing contact; and 4. Each party has received independent medical advice; and 5. Each party has received independent legal advice; and 6. Each party has received counselling in accord with the current Fertility Services Standard. ***Further Hurdles*** Even if this approval has been obtained and the surrogacy arrangement entered into, prospective parents may still face certain difficulties. The Status of Children Act 2004 provides that the birth mother of the child, the surrogate, is the child’s legal mother irrespective of the genetic origins of the child, and the legal father is the surrogate’s partner if he has consented to the surrogacy. Accordingly, under the Adoption Act 1955, the genetic or intending parents must adopt the child after it is born to have any legal relationship with the child. The complexity and lack of specificity in the law has led to a wide-reaching debate, and reform has been suggested by many commentators and experts. Specifically, reform to allow commercial surrogacy has been encouraged. ***Sperm & Egg Donors*** Many people who choose to go through the surrogacy process also require the donation of genetic materials such as sperm and eggs. Donations can be made directly to a person, or can be donated to a fertility clinic. Much like a surrogate mother cannot be paid for her services, sperm and egg donors are also unable to receive compensation. However, costs incurred in donating can often be compensated. When a person donates their sperm or eggs, they must provide certain identity information to the fertility clinic to which they donate. This information is entered onto the HART register, which allows people conceived from donated sperm or eggs to find out information about their genetic origins. ***Commercial Surrogacy through Overseas Arrangements*** The ban on commercial surrogacy has led to many prospective New Zealand parents entering into international commercial surrogacy arrangements. This is where intending parents in New Zealand enter into an agreement with a surrogate mother in another country. As there is no specific legislation in New Zealand that addresses international surrogacy arrangements, in all cases where couples arrange for a child to be born overseas and brought back to New Zealand, all New Zealand law will apply. The frequency of this has led to the Ministry of Immigration and the Ministry for Vulnerable Children issuing a guide on the issue, as well as warnings to parents. < > <> The Ministries have also advised that prospective parents should avoid entering into agreements with certain countries, including India, Thailand, Mexico, Nepal and Cambodia. These countries are considered high risk, due to the lack of regulation surrounding surrogacy or, conversely, the restrictive laws. ***Issues with International Arrangements*** One of the primary issues in international surrogacy arrangements is the nationality of the child. It is common for the country in which the child is born to fail to recognise the child as a national. The laws surrounding surrogacy are often unclear and contradictory in relation to the child’s legal parentage and nationality. While the country of the child’s birth may recognise the genetic or prospective parents as the child’s legal parents, New Zealand does not. Children born via international surrogacy arrangements do not meet the criteria for New Zealand citizenship by descent, and thus one of the only ways that the intended parents may become the child’s legal parents, and the child a New Zealand citizen, is through adoption. New Zealand is bound by the Hague Convention on Protection and Co-Operation in Respect to Intercountry Adoptions, which applies “where a child who is habitually resident in one Contracting State… has been, is being or is to be moved to another Contracting State”. While these enactments deal with international adoption and not specifically with international surrogacy, they have been used by the New Zealand courts where the child has already been brought back to New Zealand by the intending parents to go through the adoption process. The Family Court has tended to find that intercountry adoption requirements do not apply in such cases, as the child born in an international surrogacy arrangement is intended to have the same habitual residence as the intended parents, not where the child was born, which is often the surrogate mother’s habitual residence, as they often do not have legally identifiable parents in that location. Further, the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that, in adoptions, the best interests of the child are paramount, especially where there is intercountry adoption. The best interest of the child will often mean that they should be with the intended parents. **Categories:** Residential --- ### [The Essential Roadmap to Understanding Prenuptial Agreements in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/prenups-how-do-they-work-the-essential-guide/) **Published:** March 6, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** You’ve just entered a new relationship. Congratulations! But what if you and your partner come into the relationship with different assets that you both wish to keep, should you later decide to go your separate ways? This is where a Contracting Out Agreement, more commonly known as a “prenup”, comes into play. In a nutshell, a prenup sets out who keeps what property if the partners in a relationship separate. In modern New Zealand law, you do not need to be married or in a civil union for you or your ex-partner’s property to be up for grabs upon separation. Rather, in a de facto relationship, you and your partner simply need to be living together as a couple for three years before the rule of equal sharing of relationship property kicks in. This means that, if you do not have an agreement in place, the rule is that relationship assets (such as KiwiSaver, any inheritance during the relationship, or a distribution from a Trust) get divided equally between the partners when the relationship ends. You can read more about this on our [Relationship Property page](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/relationship-property-law-separation-advice/). Importantly, this also applies to the family home, whenever this is acquired. So if one of the partners has put up all the equity for the house, then the other partner can get half of the equity, even if they haven’t made any contributions. A prenup allows the parties to “contract out” of the relevant provisions of the Property (Relationships) Act 1974. A prenup allows you to create your own arrangements about what should happen to your property should the relationship end. You and your partner can decide: - What property is relationship property (which gets split 50:50), and what is separate property (which stays with one party upon separation) - In what proportions some or all of your property should be split (other than the default 50-50) - Who will get property that can’t be divided (such as a family pet). **Prenuptial Agreements: They don’t come from a lack of confidence!** Prenups don’t come from a lack of confidence in a relationship. The people who enter them usually intend their relationship (or marriage, or civil union) to be for life, and believe it *will* be for life. And luckily, most of them are. Most prenups are never put to the test. But sometimes, usually years on, things change, or the unexpected happens. And when that happens, a prenup can be a real relief – not because you might end up with more assets than you would otherwise, but because it’s removed the prospect of uncertainty, conflict or drawn-out legal action. ### **Why should you consider getting a prenup?** One word, certainty. Prenups aren’t just for situations where one partner has significantly more assets than the other. They provide you certainty about your assets, and they give you the opportunity to consciously decide how you want to share your property with your partner. It’s you and your partner deciding – not just leaving it up to legislation made by people who don’t know your relationship. Both you and your partner are on the same page about your property. You know what you have. And it’s a demonstration of respect for what each of you have earned. ### **Children from previous relationships** Coming into a relationship, you might have other people you have to look out for, such as children from a previous relationship. The existence of those children doesn’t change the default position at law. Any relationship property will still be divided 50:50 between you and your partner if you split. That could also include assets you might want to give to your children. That’s not necessarily fair on those children, and it might also make it harder for you to care for them. A prenup can help make sure assets and property are kept safe for them. ### **Dealing with property that might not be split easily** Not all property can be split evenly down the middle. With the family home, one partner usually buys out the other’s share of the home upon separation. A prenup can include provisions for sharing the equity between the partners, to recognise their different contributions to the family home. It can also contain a process for one partner buying out the other partner at an agreed upon price, and whether the family home is to be sold on the open market. All of this reduces uncertainty in the case of the partners going their separate ways. ### **Reducing conflict if your relationship does end** The more things you agree on early in your partnership, the less you’ll have to deal with if things turn rocky. That makes for an easier and less stressful time for everyone involved. ### **Learning more about each other and getting any anxieties out of the way** You’re planning to spend the rest of your lives together. It’s important that you can be open and transparent with each other about all your thoughts going into that. Any anxieties you might have at an early stage are only going to grow over time, and the chances are that your partner will have similar worries too. It can be a good idea to get them out in the open. So talking about a prenup might make it less likely that you’ll ever actually have to use it. ![Image of two people holding warm drinks on a table](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Image-of-two-people-holding-warm-drinks-on-a-table.webp)### **How to bring up a prenup** Although it isn’t always easy to bring up the prospect of getting a prenup, it’s good to talk about it in the context of broader financial discussions, such as retirement and estate planning. A prenup is just another part of that wider planning. And remember: It’s something you might both be thinking about, but just waiting for the other to bring up. So don’t stress! ### **Call on us for advice and help** Our relationship property experts are here to help you through all stages of your discussions. They can guide you through prenups, division of relationship property, care arrangements for children, and anything else you might need—all with sensitivity and with the benefit of experience. [Get in touch with our team for a no-pressure chat](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Property --- ### [Digital Litigation: The Future of Law Firms in New Zealand?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/litigation-electronic-future/) **Published:** September 23, 2016 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** The Higher Courts have recently introduced a Civil Electronic Document Protocol (12 April 2016) as a guide to Counsel and the Courts. The Protocol is intended to encourage and facilitate the use of electronic documents for civil cases in the High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. The Protocol is perhaps the first steps in moving towards an electronic future where all filing an case preparation is done electronically. Under the Protocol parties are expected to prepare an electronic case book that is consistent with the Protocol’s format requirements. The protocol will allow counsel to file electronic submissions and authorities that are hyperlinked to the record. This will result in an expedient and straight-forward exchange of information between the parties and the Court. We see this as a positive step for our clients as it is expected to decrease the costs involved in litigation in the Higher Courts. As a technologically advanced firm we are ready to embrace the new protocol and are taking all the steps available to educate ourselves. For more information on the Protocol please contact us at Canterbury Legal. --- Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Litigation --- ### [Dying Without a Will in New Zealand: What You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/die-without-will-nz/) **Published:** February 27, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ![If you die without a will, your wishes may not be carried out how you like](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/signing-300x169.jpeg)[Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills-estates-administration/) are something every New Zealand adult should have. Wills allow you to say what you want to happen to your property after you die—even though you won’t be there to say it yourself. And yet every year, thousands of New Zealanders die without a will. Estimates suggest that more than half of New Zealanders don’t have a will. That’s a problem. Because even though your property will still get distributed if you die without a will, it may not be in the way you want. [Don’t have a will? We can help you make one today](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills-estates-administration/)## If you die without a will, the Administration Act steps in Dying without a will is known as “dying intestate”. In these situations, there’s a law ([Administration Act](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1969/0052/latest/whole.html)) which decides how your property is distributed. It describes a number of family situations you might have at your death (e.g. partner or spouse but no children or parents; partner or spouse and children but no parents; partner or spouse and parents but no children; children but no parent or spouse), and sets out the corresponding distribution of property. It also says what happens if you die without any family. It may be that these default positions are what you’d want to happen. After all, the legislation is intended to try and provide a fair outcome for most situations. Your property won’t just disappear. It’s likely your family will get something. But it may not be what you’d want. For example, you may want to ensure your children receive a larger portion than what is provided for by the law. Or you may wish for them to inherit particular pieces of property, such as a family heirloom. Dying without a will also makes things more complicated and uncertain for your family and loved ones, which is particularly tough in a time of grief. The last thing you want is to think your family members were at odds because you didn’t leave clear instructions. ## So while your property isn’t doomed if you die without a will, it’s much more certain and straightforward to make one Even just a will with basic instructions can be a big help. And for most wills, it’s a pretty straightforward process. You list what you’re leaving behind, who it should go to, any instructions for your funeral, and who you’d like to carry out your wishes. ## Make a will If you don’t have a will, there’s no better time to start than today. We’ve helped a lot of people through the process of [making a will](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills-estates-administration/), so you can be confident we’ll handle yours with skill, sensitivity, and care. Enter your details below to take the first step, or [**get in touch with us**](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/). We’ll get you on the path today. **Categories:** News --- ### [How Hidden Taxes Could Impact Your Home's Sale Value](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/could-your-family-home-be-the-subject-of-a-capital-gains-tax-by-stealth/) **Published:** November 16, 2023 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** If you have been keeping a close ear to the pulse of recent media reports, you may have noticed the so-called “bright-line test” that taxes the gains on the sale of residential property, getting some increased airtime. So what is all this about? According to a recent Inland Revenue draft interpretation statement on the bright-line rules, it has highlighted the potential for the family home to be taxed. This risk relates to anyone who purchased a home on or after 27th March 2021 and spent a continuous period of twelve months or more not living in it, then subsequently sold it within 10 years of purchase. In such a circumstance as indicated above, this means a portion on the gain of the property sale could in fact be subject to being taxed at their marginal income tax rate (ie. up to 39%). This would be irrespective of the reason for the absence from the property and whether or not this was within their control. “The bright-line rule was never intended to tax the family home, so gains made on the sale of a person’s main home were excluded from taxation, provided the property was used as a main home for “most” of the time it was owned”. The bright-line test has had many iterations since it was originally introduced; circumstances and scenarios such as the above do raise some genuine concerns for people. This unfairness was highlighted in the media recently, resulting in a statement from the Prime Minister’s office on the 23rd of August that the bright-line rules would be clarified to ensure they would not tax the family home. This will likely involve continued discussion with further considerations given, particularly with the heightened interest heading into an election. ![Image of trees and houses in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Image-of-trees-and-houses-in-New-Zealand.jpg) *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Property **Tags:** capital gains, family home, property --- ### [Fair Pay Agreements: Big shake up on the horizon](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/fair-pay-agreements-on-the-horizon/) **Published:** June 25, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** The Government is introducing Fair Pay Agreements, and as one commentator puts it, it could be “the biggest shake-up in the employment sector for decades.” **Content:** The Government is introducing [Fair Pay Agreements](https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/employment-and-skills/employment-legislation-reviews/fair-pay-agreements/), [and as one commentator puts it](https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/prosper/300319005/heres-what-small-business-owners-should-know-about-fair-pay-agreements), it could be “the biggest shake-up in the employment sector for decades.” It’s a system similar to Australia’s [Modern Awards](https://www.fairwork.gov.au/awards-and-agreements/awards). A Fair Pay Agreement sets out working conditions and minimum pay across an entire sector. They are negotiated by a union, and a business representative group such as BusinessNZ. Some employers might be affected by resulting agreements who weren’t actually involved in the negotiations. While this is likely to lead to better working conditions across sectors, it’s also likely to complicate matters for businesses. A single business might be subject to multiple Fair Pay Agreements, requiring them to set different pay and conditions for different types of employee. That’s a lot more complex than the status quo, and it seems likely businesses will need to call on a lot more HR and employment law advice. The Fair Pay Agreements Bill is planned for release later this year. People will be able to comment on the Bill through the Select Committee process. It’s something we’ll keep you posted on. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Employment --- ### [Contractor or employee? Why it's not always clear](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contractor-or-employee/) **Published:** July 3, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ## In Summary A recent decision of the Employment Court demonstrates that no matter what parties may have agreed initially, a supposed independent contractor may be considered an employee if they don’t enjoy independence and autonomy, and if they’re closely integrated with the business paying them. It’s a reminder to be careful in how you approach these relationships. Talk with us to find out where you stand, and to help firm up the nature of those relationships. Is a courier an employee, or an independent contractor? If you’re not in the courier business, the question might not seem to have much relevance. But if you employ contractors in any industry, or you’re a contractor yourself, the result of a recent Employment Court decision might end up affecting you – or at least serve as a reminder to act carefully. The case, [*Leota v Parcel Express*](https://www.employmentcourt.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Decisions/2020-NZEmpC-61-Leota-v-Parcel-Express-Ltd.pdf), saw the Court hold that the plaintiff courier driver was an employee of the respondent company, even though the driver had signed on to work as a contractor. The major significance is that employees receive rights and benefits that contractors do not. Think holiday and leave entitlements, sick leave, minimum rates of pay, KiwiSaver contributions and so on. There’s a good summary of all this at [Employment New Zealand](https://www.employment.govt.nz/starting-employment/who-is-an-employee/difference-between-a-self-employed-contractor-and-an-employee/). So does that mean if you’re a business employing contractors, you’ll now need to provide all that? Or if you’re a contractor, you’ll be entitled to those extra rights and benefits? Not quite. ### **How do you know if someone is a contractor or an employee?** There are several legal tests. #### **Intention** What did each party intend going into the relationship? If you say you’re hiring someone as a contractor, or you go into work as a contractor, then it might seem fairly clear-cut. But while this is all relevant, it’s not enough. Other practical factors can override the intention. #### **Control vs Independence** Contractors have more independence in how they work than employees, and businesses exert greater control over employees than contractors. So the level of control versus independence will help determine if someone is an employee or a contractor. #### **Integration Test** How much is the supposed contractor a part of the business? If they’re close and vital, then it becomes less likely that they’re a contractor. #### **Fundamental/Economic Reality Test** The ways contractors get paid, and the ways they handle their finances, are very different to employees. The biggest difference is that they invoice and handle their own taxes. And they’re more likely to be invoicing other businesses at the same time. So why did the Court hold that a courier who had signed on as a contractor was an employee? ### **The case: A contractor with little independence** Leota had signed a contract that said he was a contractor, so it would seem the intent was that he was a contractor. He bought his own van, so that would suggest some independence and economic reality that fits more with a contractor. But then there was a lot more that suggested that independence wasn’t so strong. - English is his second language and he was recruited via his church. It seemed he may not have understood the agreement fully. - He had to have his van sign-written with the company branding at his own expense, and wasn’t allowed to display anything else on the van. - The company assigned his run, over which he had no say. - He had to organise a relief driver if he was away from work. - He was required to attend in-house briefings. - On termination of contract, he was prohibited from having any involvement in competitors’ businesses for six months within a 100-kilometre radius of the Auckland Central Business District. The Court noted: > *Despite being described as “his own boss”, Mr Leota did not exercise any real degree of autonomy over his work with Parcel Express. Rather, Parcel Express exercised a significant degree of direction and control over Mr Leota’s day-to-day work – what, when, where, how and by whom.* And concluded: > *Every worker in New Zealand has the statutory right to seek a declaration as to whether they are an employee. If they are found to be an employee they are entitled to the protections and benefits that go with that status.* > > *The inquiry is intensely factual and much will depend on the individual facts of each individual case.* > > *In assessing where on the spectrum a case sits, the Court will closely scrutinise a range of factors, weighing them in the analytical mix, with the ultimate purpose of determining the real nature of the relationship.* In this case, the real nature of the relationship was that of employer and employee. ### **So what does this mean for everyone else?** The Court made it clear that the judgment did not mean that all courier drivers are employees, nor for that matter contractors in any other industry. But it showed that the “individual facts” of each case can see a supposed contractor declared an employee. It’ll come back to those tests, no matter the original intention: - Control vs Independence - Integration - Fundamental/Economic Reality **If you employ the services of people you think are independent contractors,** be careful the level of restrictions you place on the relationship, and what you require of the supposed contractor. Too much, and the relationship may be more likely to be one of employer and employee. **If you think you’re operating as an independent contractor,** but you find that you have a high degree of control exerted over you, you may be able to successfully seek a declaration that in reality, you’re an employee—and therefore entitled to extra rights and benefits. Either way, we can help you get an idea of where you stand, and help you firm up the nature of your relationships. [**Get in touch today to make sure you can be confident in what you’re doing.**](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) ### Get certainty in your contractor relationships --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, Employment, News --- ### [Incorporated Societies Act 2022: Key Changes You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/incorporated-societies-act-2022-key-changes-you-need-to-know/) **Published:** September 23, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** You may have heard mention of it in the media, through posts we have made online, or even within the incorporated society you are part of. Change is here, and it is the most substantial change for the way incorporated societies operate in New Zealand in over 115 years. It is best advised to start becoming familiar with these changes earlier rather than later and importantly, do not leave it too late to update your incorporated society. Or even worse, forget to update it entirely! The previous Act governing incorporated societies was in place from 1908. At that time it was innovative – yet it was also put in place prior to the Titanic, so as you can appreciate, the world and the legislation requirements that go alongside have changed quite significantly since. These changes to legislation for incorporated societies are well and truly overdue! #### What are the changes, what does our incorporated society need to do, and by when? In summary, [the changes have been introduced](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2022/0012/latest/LMS100809.html "the changes have been introduced") to create stronger and more approachable governance frameworks for incorporated societies. The new act also provides more clarity on duties, standards and requirements for those that are responsible for running them. There are currently over 24,000+ incorporated societies in New Zealand, with all incorporated societies being impacted by these changes. We have outlined the key steps below for what each incorporated society needs to do, in addition to the timeframe this is required to be completed by. What is key to note here, is that your incorporated society must re-register with the new changes applied by no later than April 2026. --- #### Timeline for Incorporated Societies Act 2022 changes ![Timeline of incorporated society changes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Timeline-of-incorporated-society-changes.webp)#### What are the key changes our Incorporated Society needs to know? 1. **Incorporated societies will need to have at least 10 consenting members** *This is 5 less than the 15 required under the original act. However, it is important to note that it is not just 10 members at the time of registration; if you ever drop below 10, you run the risk of deregistration or liquidation. In addition, all members must be giving their consent. This means it is not possible (or advisable) to sneak any members in without their prior knowledge.* 2. **Every society must have a committee of at least three members to manage the society** *The restrictions on who can serve as an officer are similar to those for company directors. Individuals cannot be officers if they are undischarged bankrupts, barred from being a director or promoter of a company, or have been convicted and sentenced for offenses such as crimes involving dishonesty.* 3. **These officers will also need to operate with a fiduciary duty to the society** *Another similarity with company directors. The duties of officers include things like exercising powers for proper purposes, acting in good faith and in the best interests of the society, and not acting in such a way that there will be a risk of serious loss to creditors.* 4. **All officers will need to identify and disclose if they have any conflicts of interest** *These may be such items as having a personal interest in a matter that relates to the incorporated society.* #### What other things do you need to be aware of? Incorporated society members will be given greater rights and responsibilities than prior. One of the key principles is that *“members of a society have the primary responsibility of holding the society to account”. This essentially means members are given certain rights and powers such as those outlined below.* 1. **Any member can request information from the society** *The incorporated society must produce this on request, except if it falls under one of the grounds of refusing such a request. For example, if doing so would violate an individual’s privacy.* 2. **There will be clearer rules around amending an incorporated society’s constitution** *This also considers the need for members to approve it.* 3. **There are guidelines for dispute resolution that must be adhered to** *The courts may also intervene in such cases – such as, if there has been a breach of the rules of natural justice.* 4. **Incorporated societies will have greater financial reporting obligations - *The minimum requirements for “small societies” are set out in the Act. A small society is* *one with total operating payments less than $50,000 in each of the two preceding* *financial years, and total current assets less than $50,000 at the end of those two* *preceding financial years.* - *Other societies will need to meet standards set out by the External Reporting Board. - *Some societies, whose annual operating payments exceed a certain threshold, will need* *their accounts audited. This threshold will be defined in regulations being developed by* *MBIE.* #### So, what areas should your incorporated society prioritise first? - Ensure you have officers that fit the new criteria - Develop or update dispute resolution processes - Start updating your constitution. - Consult the services of a legal firm to review your updated structure, constitution, officer roles and obligations and dispute resolution. **The Canterbury Legal team can help you understand what you might need to do to meet the new Act’s requirements, and start a plan to get there.** **Get in touch for an obligation free chat** Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit --- #### Frequently asked questions **1. If I have until April 2026, isn’t this plenty of time to organise?** While it may not feel like an initial priority for many incorporated societies. The reality is that these changes can only be adopted during an AGM. This means that depending on when your incorporated society last had its AGM, you may only have only one or even two AGM’s left to have this completed by! The reality is that there are still many New Zealand incorporated societies that are still yet to fulfill the requirements of this new legislation. This is likely to lead to a substantial bottleneck as everyone looks to adopt these new requirements before time runs out. **2. What happens if I do not do this in time?** Unfortunately if you do not complete the requirements within the timeframe, you will be struck off the register as an incorporated society. This would of course be far from desirable if you need to continue operating as an incorporated society. **3. Do I have to re-register my incorporated society with new legislation?** Not necessarily! If you have decided that an incorporated society is no longer the correct definition, or things have changed for your structure, you can look at adopting a different structure such as a charity. Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** New Amendments, News --- ### [Budget 2018: The Business Tax Impacts You Should Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/budget-2018-tax/) **Published:** May 24, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **The 2018 Budget is perhaps most notable for things it’s not doing, such as [much towards helping first home buyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/budget-2018-first-home-buyers/).** **But there are a few tax developments which will impact businesses: increased backing for IRD to pursue company tax returns, GST collection from offshore suppliers of low-value goods, and tax incentives for research and development.** ### **Boosts for IRD** While there are no new company taxes or increases to existing rates, the Government still expects to take in more from this area by increasing Inland Revenue’s operational budget. The $31.3 million increase over four years is aimed at helping IRD pursue tax. $23.5 million of this is to help ensure companies file any outstanding tax returns, which is expected to bring in about $183.3 million. Businesses will need to ensure they’re on their toes more than ever when it comes to tax. The Government is also tasking IRD with improving tax compliance in “specific industries”. There doesn’t appear to be much detail as to what these industries are, but we could speculate that they’re areas where PAYE has been lower than it ought to be, or the “gig and sharing” economies—services like Uber and Airbnb. Both of these were mentioned in the [Tax Working Group’s Submissions Background Paper](https://taxworkinggroup.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2018-03/twg-subm-bgrd-paper-mar18.pdf). ### **GST collection from overseas suppliers** ![GST on overseas merchants will bring in new sources of tax](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/creditcard.jpg) [Announced prior to the Budget](https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/gst-loophole-closed-offshore-companies), the Government will also require offshore suppliers of low-value goods to collect GST at the point of sale. Technically, GST has always been payable on these goods, but it wasn’t cost-effective for Customs to collect it on goods under $400. Requiring offshore suppliers to collect it themselves will increase this take, expected to be $218 million over the next four years. It may also make things a little easier for local retailers, who until now were on an uneven playing field. ### **Tax incentives for R&D** ![Research and development tax incentives](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/researchdevelopment-2.jpg) Businesses will now be able to claim 12.5c in the dollar back for every dollar they spend on research and development, so long as they spend more than $100,000 on R&D a year. $1 billion has been set aside over the next four years. The aim is to grow the country’s spend on R&D from 1.3 per cent of GDP to 2 per cent—though this will still be below the OECD average of 2.4 per cent. We’ve long supported businesses with their [intellectual property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/intellectual-property-royalty-agreements/). We hope that this fund will promote further innovation and new ideas, and ultimately lead to a stronger economy. The test will be how effectively and appropriately money is supplied, and towards what kinds of R&D. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, News --- ### [Construction Contracts Act 2002: New Amendments – Are you in the know?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/construction-contracts-act-2002-new-amendments-know/) **Published:** September 23, 2016 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Earlier this year, Parliament introduced a Bill to update and amend the Construction Contracts Act 2002. If you are in the construction industry there are several proposed changes that may impact you. Some more information on these amendments can be found on [building.govt.nz](https://www.building.govt.nz/projects-and-consents/why-contracts-are-valuable/construction-contracts-act-2002) The key changes proposed by the Bill are: - Removing most differences between residential and commercial contracts, including requiring the same disclosures for commercial payment claims as for residential payment claims - Expanding the Act’s scope to cover the work of engineers, designers and quantity surveyors - Updating and clarifying the adjudication procedure. At Canterbury Legal we aim to educate our clients around the pitfalls of the construction industry and how you can make changes in the law work for you. If you think these key changes might impact you please [contact Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) for more information on how you can take preventative measures to ensure your business adapts to the proposed amendments introduced by the Bill. **Categories:** Construction, New Amendments --- ### [Employee Status for Building Contractors? What You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/can-building-contractors-be-employees/) **Published:** June 25, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** A recent Employment Court case has shown that even if a builder is considered a contractor, in reality, they might be an employee. **Content:** [Earlier this year](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2021/04/13/uber-drivers-employees/) and last, we shared a pair of cases that looked at the question of if and when a person regarded as a contractor can be defined as employee. That can be an important question, as employees receive rights and benefits that contractors do not. A [recent Employment Court case](https://adls.org.nz/Story?Action=View&Story_id=355) advances the discussion even further. A builder was brought on by a building company as an independent contractor. But despite the label, the Court held that in reality, the builder operated as an employee. It came down to what the relationship actually was, rather than what it was labelled. Factors in that consideration included the control the company exercised over how the builder worked, including stipulated hours; the fact that the builder couldn’t subcontract or work for others; that tax was deducted from his pay by the company; and he didn’t supply his own tools. The relevance to everyone else? While the decision applied to this specific case, it has precedent value for similar situations. Lawyer Gary Pollak, who acted for the builder in this case, notes that up to 20% of New Zealand workers may be on similar contracts. It’s another reminder that for both contractors and those who contract them, it’s vital to be certain what your relationship is. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Employment, Uncategorised **Tags:** employment --- ### [New Zealand Law Revolutionised by the Peter Ellis Case](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/a-new-evolution-in-new-zealand-law-from-the-peter-ellis-case-2/) **Published:** July 20, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** In New Zealand, criminal appeals typically end if the person seeking the appeal dies. The outcome wouldn’t impact them, as far as the law is concerned. So when Peter Ellis died in September last year, it seemed unlikely that the appeal the Supreme Court had granted him would proceed. Now it seems it could. [In a hearing last November](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/122056368/the-peter-ellis-case-and-mori-customary-law "In a hearing last November"), Supreme Court Justices Susan Glazebrook and Joe Williams suggested that tikanga, Māori customary practices and behaviours, could play a part in determining whether or not an appeal could go ahead. When the issue came back before the Court last month, both sides suggested tikanga meant their side should prevail. Counsel for Ellis said that Ellis’ mana had been damaged, and continued after death. The Crown said that tikanga called for balance, and that by proceeding further, that balance would be upset. The Court has reserved its decision. How they eventually rule will be of great interest, and not just in cases of posthumous appeals. Tikanga has not been a part of common law cases involving Pākehā disputes, and its application could see the start of a more distinctly New Zealand system of law. It might see the judiciary consider other kinds of disputes in a new light. Related links: [A timeline on the Peter Ellis case](https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/timeline-of-the-peter-ellis-case.pdf "A timeline on the Peter Ellis case") [The Peter Ellis case and Māori customary law](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/122056368/the-peter-ellis-case-and-mori-customary-law "The Peter Ellis case and Māori customary law") – July 2020 [Supreme Court Judges differ on application of Tikanga to Peter Ellis case](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/130107000/supreme-court-judges-differ-on-application-of-tikanga-to-peter-ellis-case "Supreme Court Judges differ on application of Tikanga to Peter Ellis case") – Oct 2022 [How the Peter Ellis case was won](https://thelawassociation.nz/rob-harrison-how-the-peter-ellis-case-was-won/ "How the Peter Ellis case was won") – Dec 2022 --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Litigation, News --- ### [Are Commercial Tenants Liable for Full Rent During COVID-19 Lockdowns?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-rent-covid-19/) **Published:** April 16, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** The [COVID-19 lockdown](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-advice-for-christchurch-businesses-during-covid-19/) has introduced challenges for both [commercial tenants and commercial landlords](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-property/). Many commercial tenants are struggling to pay rent. Many have questioned whether they should even have to pay rent for properties they cannot access legally. It’s not easy for many landlords, either. If they lose tenants, or aren’t receiving normal levels of rent, they may face challenges paying mortgages. This week the Government [announced legislation](https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-backs-business-through-covid-19) to help out in these situations. - Currently a landlord can only cancel a lease for non-payment of rent when the rent has been outstanding for more than 10 working days. The Government is **extending this period to 30 working days.** - Currently a mortgagee can exercise their rights to sale of property 20 working days after giving proper notice to the mortgagor. The Government is **extending this period** **to 40 working days**. For mortgaged goods, the period will go from 10 working days to 20 working days. While this won’t solve everything for commercial tenants or commercial landlords, it should introduce an extra buffer to help businesses as they return to a position of trading. It’s generally in the best interests of both tenants and landlords to maintain their relationships, and this could serve to remove some of the factors that might stress that relationship. But what about the question of whether commercial tenants should pay their normal rents when they don’t have normal access to their premises? There is an answer… but it’s not quite so certain. ### Payment of commercial rent during COVID-19 Does your lease include clauses 27.5 and 27.6? These clauses were introduced into the Auckland District Law Society standard lease form (used commonly across the country, and not just Auckland) following the Christchurch earthquakes. Back then, tenants whose premises were inaccessible only because they were inside the cordons (and not due to earthquake damage) weren’t entitled to any rent relief. They couldn’t use their premises due to reasons beyond their control, but they still had to pay for them. Clauses 27.5 and 27.6 address that situation and make it fairer. They provide that: - “A fair proportion of the rent and outgoings shall cease to be payable” for the period the tenant can’t access the premises - Either party may terminate the lease with 10 days’ notice if the tenant will be unable to access the premises for a period set out in the lease (the default is 9 months). While there’s been no case or declaratory judgment in relation to COVID-19, it would appear that the lockdown fits the criteria of clause 27.5. That means commercial tenants may be able to reduce their rent and expenses by “a fair proportion”. Just what a “fair proportion” is will depend on the circumstances. For example, a retail store with no online presence could be expected to fairly have a larger reduction than a business which is still able to operate at some level. So, if you’re a tenant, should you seek a reduction? If you’re a landlord and asked for a reduction, how should you respond? Again, it’s worth looking at the broader relationship. Think about how it might affect the other party. Think about how it might affect the stability and longevity of the landlord/tenant relationship. But if you do want advice on the best ways to maintain those leases – either as a commercial tenant or a commercial landlord – we’re here to lend advice tailored to your situation. ### Contact us to talk about your lease situation during COVID-19 *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, COVID-19, Property --- ### [Will the PM Miss New Parental Leave Increases?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/paid-parental-leave-increase-pm/) **Published:** January 24, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ![Paid parental leave increases are coming this year - will the Prime Minister be eligible?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/JacindaArdernPaidParentalLeave-300x153.jpg)Congratulations to Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Clarke Gayford on the news that they are expecting their first child in June. Will that mean they’re eligible for the [extra paid parental leave](https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/bill-extend-paid-parental-leave-26-weeks-passes) that was passed by Parliament last year? Probably not–though there’s a slim chance it might work out that way. Their case is a good way to learn about eligibility for the increase. #### The paid parental leave increase On 1 July 2018, the the current paid period of 18 weeks will extend to 22 weeks. Then on 1 July 2020, it’ll move up to 26 weeks. Keeping in Touch days will also increase. Keeping in Touch days allow employees to work now and then throughout their paid parental leave period without losing any of their paid leave entitlement. Total hours allowed under Keeping in Touch will increase from 40 hours to 52 on 1 July 2018, and from 52 to 64 on 1 July 2020. **So with a due date in June, it’s unlikely Ardern and Gayford would be eligible–the changes only come into effect from 1 July.** But there is a small chance it could happen… #### Who’s eligible for the paid parental leave increase? ![Partners are also entitled to use the paid parental leave, if the mother transfers part of her entitlement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/PaidParentalLeaveFather-300x200.jpg)Partners are also entitled to use the paid parental leave, if the mother transfers part of her entitlement People currently eligible for paid parental leave will be eligible for the increase. That’s expectant mothers, spouses or partners (if the mother transfers any entitlement), and primary caregivers of a child under six, such as adoptive parents, grandparents, and other permanent guardians. A parent, spouse or caregiver will be eligible for the increased leave if: - the baby is due to be born on or after 1 July 2018, even if it is born prematurely before 1 July - the baby is due to be born before 1 July 2018, but is born on or after 1 July The same criteria will apply to the increase in 2020. **So while the Prime Minister is due in June, should she have a late delivery on or after 1 July, she would be eligible for the extra four weeks.** But as she plans to return to work after 6 weeks, that would leave 16 weeks left over. What would happen with those? She could transfer those to her partner. Partners are entitled to use any entitlement if the mother transfers it. That would mean 6 weeks for Ardern, 16 weeks for Gayford. #### Do businesses need to do anything to prepare for the extra paid parental leave? Not a thing! Businesses will not need to provide any extra leave, because they’re already required to provide 26 or 52 weeks unpaid parental leave (depending on the employee’s status – [see more at the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment](https://www.employment.govt.nz/leave-and-holidays/parental-leave/eligibility/eligibility-table/)). The new period of paid leave will fit within either of these periods. #### Need any advice on what you need to do? Whether you’re an expectant parent, someone becoming a primary caregiver, or an employer, we can take you through the ins and outs of leave, and any other employment or legal issues. It’s all pretty straightforward, but it’s important you get it right. Contact [our team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/). **Categories:** News --- ### [90-Day Trial Periods Remain for Small Business - New Employment Laws Implemented](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/90-day-trial-periods-changes/) **Published:** January 31, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** 90-day trial period changes are afoot, along with other changes to New Zealand employment law. Here's what the law changes mean for your business. **Content:** **90-day trial changes are afoot, along with other changes to employment law. Here’s a run down of what might affect your business.** The Government has proposed changes to the Employment Relations Act 2000. This will see a number of changes to employment law, chief amongst them the restriction of 90-day trial periods to only businesses with less than 20 employees. The Employment Relations Amendment Bill, introduced Monday, [aims to](https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_76257/employment-relations-amendment-bill) “restore key minimum standards and protections for employees, and to implement a suite of changes to promote and strengthen collective bargaining and union rights in the workplace”. Parliament is expected to hold the Bill’s first reading in early February. ![90 day trial changes: the interview becomes even more important](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/jobinterview.jpeg) #### **The major changes for employees and employers** Per the [Beehive summary](https://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2018-01/ERA%20Bill%20Summary%20one-page.pdf): **Rights for employees** - **Restoration of statutory rest and meal breaks.** These will be subject to a very limited exception for workers in essential services who cannot be replaced (such as air traffic controllers). - **Restriction of 90-day trial periods to SME employers (less than 20 employees).** - **Reinstatement will be restored as the primary remedy to unfair dismissal.** - **Further protections for employees in the “vulnerable industries” (Part 6A).** **Collective bargaining and union rights** Most of these modifications are roll-backs of the previous Government’s changes: - **Restoration of the duty to conclude bargaining** unless there is a good reason not to. This is complemented by repeal of the process to have bargaining declared over. - **Restoration of the earlier initiation timeframes** for unions in collective bargaining. - **Removal of the MECA opt out** where employers can refuse to bargain for a multi-employer collective agreement. - **Restoration of the 30 day rule** where for the first 30 days new employees must be employed under terms consistent with the collective agreement. - **Repeal of partial strike pay deductions** where employers can garnish wages for low-level industrial action. Employers have deducted pay for actions such as wearing t-shirts instead of uniforms. - **Restoration of union access without prior employer consent.** Union access will still be subject to requirements to access at reasonable times, and places having regarding to business continuity, health and safety. **New proposals** - **A requirement to include pay rates in collective agreements.** This is based on recent case law. Pay rates may include pay ranges or methods of calculation. - **A requirement for employers to provide reasonable paid time for union delegates** to represent other workers (for example in collective bargaining) - **A requirement for employers to pass on information about unions in the workplace to prospective employees** along with a form for the employee to indicate whether they want to be a member. - **Greater protections against discrimination for union members** including an extension of the 12 month threshold to 18 months relating to discrimination based on union activities and new protections against discrimination on the basis of being a union member. #### ![90 trial changes and New Zealand employment law changes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/meeting.jpeg) #### **What this means for employers** - **Higher wages** as a result of the increase to the minimum wage to $16.50 this year and then incremental increases to reach $20.00 by April 2021. This will inevitably result in relativity adjustments for other employees. - **Pay equity data publication** will be required by all businesses to prove that there is no gender or other discrimination. - **Increased employee rights** with regard to rest and meal breaks, minimum redundancy payouts, parental leave and including a requirement to adequately compensate employees working more than 40 hours per week for the extra hours worked. - **Contractor rights** including job security and other employment rights, which signals a shift from their present distinct position to something more in line with employee rights. - **Strong unions** with extended powers in collective bargaining, collective agreements, access to workplaces and payment to union delegates for the time they spend discharging their union role. At this stage, all changes are proposed, and it may be that not all will happen in this exact form. But if you’d like guidance about how your business may be affected, or how you could prepare, chat with our [Litigation & Dispute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation/) expert, [Sydney Austin](mailto:sydney@canterburylegal.co.nz). **Categories:** Litigation, New Amendments, News --- ### [Budget 2018: What’s in it for Christchurch?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/budget-2018-christchurch/) **Published:** May 18, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** This year’s Budget offered up few surprises overall. It was no different in the areas relating to Christchurch earthquake recovery. A number of new initiatives received funding, but most had already been announced in the past few months. Still, we’re pleased to see that the coalition is following through with these promises. Christchurch needs Government backing if it’s to make real progress with its recovery, and with this Budget, we might finally see progress on getting remaining EQC and earthquake insurance claims sorted, and on the development of a new stadium. ### **EQC and Earthquake Insurance Tribunal** The Budget allocates funding to a new insurance tribunal to help resolve outstanding EQC and earthquake insurance claims. This and other initiatives in the area were [already signaled in the past few months](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/101713605/eqc-chairman-sir-maarten-wevers-resigns-independent-adviser-to), but it’s good to see some concrete progress. There needs to be. In January, the Government revealed that [3000 claims were still unresolved](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/eqc-claims-unresolved/) seven years on from the February 2011 earthquake. And as we said at the time of that revelation, that’s just not good enough. We’ve helped many Christchurch residents with their claims, so we have a particularly keen interest in seeing how this new tribunal will help get things sorted. [If you’re still battling with a claim, let us know.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/eqc-claims-insurance-claims-legal-advice/) ### **EQC Inquiry** ![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/christchurch_aerial-1024x682.jpg) $3.3 million total has been allocated to carry out a public inquiry into EQC performance. Given the unprecedented nature of the situation in Christchurch, and residents’ many EQC woes, this seems a prudent move. It’s not just about holding EQC to account, it’s about making sure that in any future earthquakes, the process will be a lot smoother. The inquiry’s terms of reference are yet to be announced, but Minister Responsible for the Earthquake Commission Megan Woods says they will be released “shortly”. We’ll follow updates with interest, and will keep you posted. ### **Christchurch Investment** ![The Budget will allocate funding to Christchurch for capital projects](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/christchurch_newbrighton.jpg) The Government will make $300 million available to speed up the Christchurch recovery: $298.5 million for an “acceleration fund”, plus operating funding of $1.5 million. This is in line with [what Labour promised in August last year](https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/business/the-rebuild/96197777/labour-announces-300m-for-christchurch-rebuild). Christchurch City Council can apply for money from this fund to complete capital projects that aren’t already covered by the Cost Sharing Agreement with the Crown. That might mean projects like a new stadium can finally get off the ground. That will be good news for the city generally, the sporting community, and central city businesses which have long anticipated such a development. Of course, it all depends on the City Council and the Government taking the next steps. Money alone won’t make it happen. [Dealing with EQC, earthquake insurance, or want advice on central city development? Get in touch with our experienced team.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** News **Tags:** earthquake, eqc --- ### [Is Bitcoin a good investment? A Christchurch Lawyer's perspective](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/bitcoin-nz-investment/) **Published:** February 15, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are growing as people jump on the bandwagon in New Zealand and elsewhere. But are they a good investment? What are the risks? And what about Bitcoin tax in New Zealand? **Content:** **Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are growing as people jump on the bandwagon in New Zealand and elsewhere. But are they a good investment? What are the Bitcoin risks? Could they become part of our everyday currency? And what about Bitcoin tax in New Zealand? Canterbury Legal director Clive Cousins explores the implications.** Last Friday David Ballantyne and I attended the Reserve Bank lunch hosted by the Canterbury Employers’ Chamber of Commerce, where we received an off-the-record briefing from Acting Reserve Bank Governor Grant Spencer on the state of our economy, pinpointing developments affecting the financial system. Much of the address focused on more of the same for the economy, with the Government‘s housing policy still taking a lot longer to implement and unlikely to impact in the current year. But it was a question on **cryptocurrencies** that caught my interest, followed by a direct assurance that there were no plans in the short term to regulate them because of their limited effect on our financial stability. It seems that from the Bank’s perspective, Bitcoin is far too small a player in the New Zealand economy to warrant consideration—let alone regulation—despite all the hype and media attention it receives. Yet in December 2017, Bitcoin’s worldwide value was more than $5 billion greater than our GDP, after just 9 years of life. There’s something more to Bitcoin. But does it have a future in our economy? And is it worth your attention? ![Bitcoin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/bitcoin-1.jpg) ## Bitcoin Basics If you’re up to speed and understand the basics of Bitcoin feel free to skip this section. For people like me who are coming late to Bitcoin, here is a rundown. **The fundamental takeaways:** 1. **Bitcoin is decentralised, and sits outside the control of banks or governments.** 2. **Unlike traditional bank accounts, Bitcoin are kept in anonymous “wallets”. You can acquire, spend, and exchange Bitcoin without anyone ever knowing your identity.** 3. **The value of Bitcoin is dictated only by supply and demand. There’s a limited number of Bitcoin, and they have utility—they can exchanged for goods and services, just like regular money.** So governments and banks may have some reservations about Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. They can’t regulate it, discover who has Bitcoin, or directly influence its value. Need a bit more background? Read on… #### Bitcoin is a virtual currency Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency–a virtual currency. It has no physical form—it just sits as an entry in a digital ledger. But then, that’s also the case with most currency a bank holds. Only a small amount is actually kept in paper and coins. The bigger difference between Bitcoin and traditional currency is the nature of that digital ledger. Traditional banks and central banks keep a centralised record of who has what amount of money. They also have influence over how much that money is worth, and how much of the currency is available. #### Bitcoin is decentralised All transactions since Bitcoin began in 2009 are stored in a constantly updated distributed electronic ledger called a blockchain, which is shared across computers of Bitcoin users around the world. Each of those computers has a copy of the blockchain (the list of transactions). And existing blocks can only be changed if a majority of computers in the blockchain agree—so in practice, it’s impossible to tamper with the records. #### Bitcoin is finite There’s also a maximum possible total number of Bitcoins: 21 million. These slowly become available to Bitcoin users by a “mining” process. Every 10 minutes, Bitcoin groups pending transactions together into a new block, which becomes a mathematical puzzle. All computers on the chain start trying to solve the puzzle. The first one to succeed receives a Bitcoin reward, after a majority of computers confirm that the answer and the transactions are valid—and after a number of other blocks have been added to the chain, further confirming the validity of the transactions. ## Bitcoin trading risks – is Bitcoin a good investment, or even an investment at all? Spencer dismissed the risk of cryptocurrencies to New Zealand’s financial stability, saying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are just “a bit of a sideshow.” Something akin to a punt at the races, or a trip to the casino. That’s a popular view. A lot of detractors regard it as a speculative mania, similar to the Dutch Tulip Bubble of the 16th and 17th centuries. The newly-introduced and fashionable tulip was in heavy demand, driving prices up, before they dropped dramatically. In the same way, Bitcoin is now in demand, but the demand may not last. A plausible risk. However, to date Bitcoin has so far proved to be a reasonable gamble. Prices fluctuate, but have generally trended up. But is it even an investment? You can’t derive income from Bitcoin, unlike shares, deposit interest accounts, or property. Benefits only come from the value of Bitcoin itself increasing. And detractors have applied the “greater fool theory” to that. The “fool” acquires Bitcoin at foolishly expensive prices, with the hope that a greater fool will come along to buy them for even more. There can’t be a guarantee that will happen, of course. However, the finite supply of Bitcoin does support a belief its value will continue to increase. There can only ever be 21 million Bitcoin, but the number of people interested in it—and its utility as a currency—can go up. Its weaknesses follow as the flipside of that. Any increase in the supply or a sudden dumping of a significant number of Bitcoin, or a decrease in its perceived utility, would set the value tumbling. ## What part could Bitcoin play as a currency in our economy? Spencer’s remarks aren’t the Reserve Bank’s only comment on the matter. In a [44-page report](https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/-/media/ReserveBank/Files/Publications/Analytical%20notes/2017/an2017-07.pdf) released late last year, the Bank said crypto-currencies are “experimental in nature”, and there are “material risks” using them—in particular, their volatility. But the Bank may still adopt aspects of the technology in the future. The report states “work is currently under-way to assess the future demand for New Zealand fiat currency and to consider whether it would be feasible for the Reserve Bank to replace the physical currency that currently circulates with a digital alternative”. But Bitcoin wouldn’t be that digital alternative. The authors calculate that Bitcoin can only handle transactions at a rate 1/12 of that required to handle all transactions in New Zealand alone. A digital alternative would need all the security and scalability issues worked out. The Bank concludes that even with the increasing use of cryptocurrencies “national currencies are likely to remain an important payment mechanism”, given that most jurisdictions require you pay tax in domestic fiat currency, and it’s difficult to use cryptocurrencies for credit. ## Bitcoin and tax – how does IRD tax Bitcoin? Tax and cryptocurrency is a little unclear in New Zealand, but Inland Revenue is starting to make that clearer by developing guidelines for the taxation of profits obtained in trading cryptocurrencies. Ahead of this, they’ve advised that people could [regard Bitcoin as like gold bullion](http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11964722) for the purposes of taxation. [Per an IRD paper](http://www.ird.govt.nz/resources/6/e/6ec89340-3f88-446f-90da-f50aaae363c9/QB17008.pdf), proceeds from the disposal of gold, as with other personal property, would be taxed if it had been purchased “for the dominant purpose of disposal”. So if you were acquiring Bitcoin not to spend, but to make a profit by selling, you’d need to pay tax on your profits. But you would also be able to deduct any expenses, such as the acquisition cost and expenditure related to the purchase such as foreign exchange charges. It’s likely that losses would also be deductible. Per that same paper, “\[j\]ust as an increase in value will mean that the profits are taxed, if the gold has decreased in value, and is sold for less than it cost, that would result in a deductible loss”. ## So is Bitcoin and cryptocurrency worth it? There’s no right or wrong answer here. As with any possible investment, it’s up to you to weigh the possible risks and benefits. Certainly, people have made tidy profits from Bitcoin—particularly early adopters. But it remains extremely volatile, and its utility as a currency is still fairly low, as not many places will accept it in exchange for goods and services. But it sounds like apart from IRD’s upcoming guidelines, there’ll be little further regulation on cryptocurrencies in New Zealand in the near future. That’s good and bad for the potential investor: good because it won’t impact on any profits; bad because it won’t result in any new protections. It’s also unlikely cryptocurrency will become a dominant form of currency any time soon. People have made plenty of bad predictions about technology like that in the past—phones, computers, television. But as the Reserve Bank report shows, there are still some very real limitations on cryptocurrency. Until those are overcome, it won’t be feasible as a primary form of currency. So we’d close as the Bank does: *caveat emptor*—buyer beware. As Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are growing people jump on the bandwagon in New Zealand and elsewhere. But are they a good investment? What are the Bitcoin risks? Could they become part of our everyday currency? And what about Bitcoin tax in New Zealand? - ***This post is opinion intended to help you understand more about Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. It doesn’t constitute formal legal or financial advice. If you are interested in investing in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, we recommend you talk with a financial professional.*** **Categories:** Business, Finance, News --- ### [2021 Trust Reforms: What You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/) **Published:** December 16, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** The first major trust law reform in 70 years takes effect on 30 January 2021. If you have a family trust, here’s a round-up of the changes you need to know about. **Content:** ### Trust Canterbury Legal with your Trusts [Trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/family-trust-asset-protection/), such as family trusts, are there to hold and protect your assets and provide for your chosen beneficiaries. ![Image of people preparing legal documents](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Image-of-people-preparing-legal-documents-1024x683.webp)A number of changes are coming in relation to trusts in 2021A good trust will provide you protection from creditors, lawsuits and ex-partners. However, a badly set-up trust can bring about its own problems. Our team can advise you on the best way to do things right, for you and your family. The first major trust law reform in 70 years took effect on 30 January 2021. The *Trusts Act 2019* aims to make trust law more accessible to everyone, and will make it easier for beneficiaries to hold trustees to account. If you have a family trust, **you need to be aware of how the changes might affect you.** ### Contact us to review your trust and give you the right advice for your situation Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit Here’s a round-up of the changes you need to know about. - **Mandatory and default trustee duties.** Duties are now categorised as “mandatory” (which must be performed by trustees and can’t be contracted out of) or “default” (which can be overridden). Any attempt to exclude a mandatory duty will have no effect. Trying to do so might be taken as evidence there was no real intention to create a trust, thereby invalidating it. - **A presumption requiring trustees to make information available to beneficiaries.** That’s basic information to all beneficiaries, and further trust information to beneficiaries who request it. There are exceptions to this, and in some cases, a trustee can withhold information. - **Appointment and removal of trustees.** The powers for appointment and removal of trustees have been updated and broadened to minimise the need to involve the court. - **Records retention.** Trustees will be required to keep and hold key trust documents. In addition to documents such as the trust deed and deeds varying it, it will include copies of trustee resolutions and minutes, contracts and financial statements, amongst others. This will require a significant change in practice for some trustees, through more involvement and regular trustees meetings and records of the resolutions adopted. - **Exemption and indemnity clauses.** The Act makes it clear that trust deeds must not limit a trustee’s liability or provide an indemnity for dishonesty, wilful misconduct or gross negligence. This means trustees can no longer rely on broad indemnity clauses to protect them against gross negligence. They may still obtain protection in relation to ordinary negligence. - **Ability to delegate certain trustee powers or functions to another person.** In practice, this could be, for example, an investment adviser for a family trust looking to place money somewhere. It could also be helpful for trusts where a life-interest is involved. - **Special trust advisers.** The Act allows special trust advisers to be appointed to advise and assist trustees. They don’t have the powers or duties of a trustee, and there’s no obligation for trustees to follow the advice they receive. - **Abolition of the rules against perpetuities and accumulations.** The rule against perpetuities and remoteness of vesting is abolished. Trusts that might otherwise have breached the rule against perpetuities for failing to specify a termination date are deemed to terminate after 125 years. Other changes include a reduction of the age of majority from 20 to 18; and the ability for beneficiaries to act unanimously to bring a trust to an end. Each of these changes could have an impact on your family trust, so for a fuller explanation or advice, [please get in touch.](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=173c05d3d7&e=2b9b736768) **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Enhancing Justice: Law Commission Recommends New DNA Forensic Rules](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/law-commission-recommends-updates-to-dna-forensic-analysis-law/) **Published:** June 2, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** The law governing forensic DNA analysis was passed in 1995. Now it might be time to see changes in how it's used for legal purposes. **Content:** In recent months, the Commission has also produced [a report containing 193 recommendations to update the law applying to forensic DNA analysis](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=cb13325678&e=2b9b736768). The law governing forensic DNA analysis was passed in 1995, and in just those 26 years, there’s been considerable development in our understanding of DNA, and the ways in which it can be used to help solve crimes. While it might sometimes be compared to fingerprints—a unique way to identify a person—DNA also allows one to identify someone’s family line. And even if you can’t match a DNA sample to an existing record, you might be able to use it to narrow it down to a family. An example of this was the “Golden State Killer” in California, where a serial killer was identified more than 30 years after his last [murder thanks to a DNA sample being matched to a distant relative](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=2a27897ce5&e=2b9b736768) in a public DNA bank. There’s a whole lot of policy and privacy issues that weren’t really considered 25 years ago. And with that, the Commission has identified a number of issues with the *Criminal Investigations (Bodily Samples) Act 1995* (“CIBS”). - *The purpose of the CIBS Act is unclear and the structure is confusing;* - *The science is continually developing and these developments raise human rights, Treaty of Waitangi, ethical and tikanga issues, as well as issues around informational privacy that need to be addressed;* - *The CIBS Act is not sufficiently comprehensive; and* - *There is no independent oversight.* Currently, all DNA samples taken in criminal investigations are stored in DNA databanks. The Commission recommends that these samples are separated into different categories: samples eliminated as being involved in a crime; victims; suspects; and offenders. Only offender profiles would be kept, and then expunged when it’s established the offender has been rehabilitated. Still, the privacy implications of these kind of databases aren’t fully resolved. Writing in The Conversation, University of Auckland associate professor of law Carrie Leonetti [identifies a number of potential issues with the proposed regime](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=f89491ec47&e=2b9b736768). The recommendations are now with the Government, with the Commission awaiting its response. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Succession Law Update: Significant Changes Likely on the Way](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/changes-for-succession-law-afoot/) **Published:** June 2, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Succession law, which governs who your property might pass to upon your death, is likely up for some big changes, following a Law Commission review and recommendations. **Content:** Succession law, which governs who your property might pass to upon your death, is likely up for some big changes. That’s because the Law Commission has recently reviewed this area, and drafted a series of recommendations they plan to present to the Government. And those recommendations often end up in law. The current law is spread amongst a number of sources and statutes, including: - [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills/) - [Estate planning mechanisms](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estates-administration/), such as [trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/family-trust-asset-protection/ "trusts") - The *Family Protection Act 1955*, which allows some family members to claim against an estate - The *Property (Relationships) Act 1976* - The *Administration Act 1969*, which addresses situations where someone dies without a will - Testamentary promises - Constructive trusts … and even more. The Commission proposes bringing some or all of these together under a new statute, which ought to simplify how things operate. And as you might tell from some of the dates on those statutes, the existing law has been around for some time. Family arrangements have changed since then, and continue to evolve. Public perceptions of property and what’s fair have changed. So the Commission has proposed a number of other changes with this in mind. - Family Protection claims may only apply to a smaller group of familial claimants. Parents and grandchildren, who can currently make claims, would no longer be able to. - The way assets are distributed in intestate states (where there’s no will involved) would change. - Claims currently made in equity for contributions that have added value to an asset might be brought under a statute, and classified as Contribution Claims. Property owners could enter into contracting-out agreements to prevent these claims being brought against their estate. - The Courts could have powers to restore assets to estates that may have been put elsewhere as avoidance measures. There may also be a separate regime created for Māori succession, recognising different principles under tikanga Māori. The process is at an Issues Paper stage, which the [Law Commission is seeking submissions on up until 10 June](https://www.lawcom.govt.nz/our-projects/review-succession-law). The plan is to present final recommendations to the Government by the end of the year. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Incorporated Societies Act 2022 Law Changes: What you need to know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/incorporated-societies-act-2022-law-changes/) **Published:** November 22, 2022 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **Do you help manage an incorporated society? If so, you’ll need to make a few changes to it in the coming years, thanks to the new Incorporated Societies Act 2022. Those changes include re-registering your society, with a constitution and processes compliant with the new Act.** The good news – you still have some time. The re-registration deadline is set for 5th April 2026, with the option to re-register having started in October 2023. But that doesn’t mean you should wait until April 2026 to act! It’s important that you leave yourself enough time to make the required changes, and make sure the Companies Office is satisfied that you’ve done what you need to do. #### Timeline for Incorporated Societies Act 2022 changes - **5 April 2022:** Act receives Royal assent. - **October/November 2022:** MBIE consults on regulations. - **May—September 2023:** Regulations released. - **5th October 2023:** Registration under the new Act began. - **5th April 2026:** Deadline for registration under the new Act. #### What changes are in the Incorporated Societies Act 2022 Until now, the law applying to the 24,000+ incorporated societies in New Zealand was found in the *Incorporated Societies Act 1908*. These societies include sports clubs, religious groups, hobby groups, philanthropic organisations, residents’ associations and more. While that Act was innovative back in 1908, a law passed before the Titanic sank just didn’t fit the needs of these groups 114 years later. So the changes introduce stronger, more appropriate governance frameworks for incorporated societies, with clear duties, standards and requirements for the people that run them. The [Companies Office has a good summary of these](https://is-register.companiesoffice.govt.nz/law-changes-for-societies/key-changes/). Below are some of the more significant. #### Incorporated societies will need new, compliant constitutions The Act sets out [what is needed in a constitution](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2022/0012/latest/LMS100892.html), which is more than the rules required in the 1908 Act. Each society will need to have this ready when applying to re-register. #### Incorporated societies will need at least 10 consenting members **The Act requires incorporated societies to have at least 10 members.** That’s five less than the 15 required under the 1908 Act. However, it’s not enough to just have 10 members at registration: if you ever drop below 10, you run the risk of liquidation or deregistration. **All those members need to consent to being members, too.** Which means no sneaking anyone in without their knowledge. #### Officers and committees will have certain duties and obligations One of the Act’s four principles is that “societies should operate in a manner that promotes the trust and confidence of their members”. So there are more rules governing the people that operate them. **Every society will need a committee of three members to manage the society.** Restrictions on who can be an officer are similar to those applying to company directors. Officers can’t be undischarged bankrupts, prohibited from being a director or promoter of a company, or convicted and sentenced for offending such as crimes involving dishonesty. **These officers will also need to operate with a fiduciary duty to the society**—another similarity with company directors*.* The duties of officers include things like exercising powers for proper purposes, acting in good faith and in the best interests of the society, and not acting in such a way that there will be a risk of serious loss to creditors. **Officers will also need to identify if they have any conflicts of interest**, such as a personal interest in a matter relating to the society. #### Incorporated societies’ members will have greater rights Another of the new Act’s principles is that “members of a society have the primary responsibility for holding the society to account”. Accordingly, members are given certain rights and powers. - **Members can request information from the society.** The society must provide it to them, unless it falls under one the grounds for refusing the request (such as if it would violate an individual’s privacy). - **There are clearer rules around amending a society’s constitution**, and the need for members to approve it. - **There are guidelines for resolving disputes within a society.** Courts may also intervene in some cases, such as if there has been a breach of the rules of natural justice. ### Incorporated societies will have greater financial reporting obligations All societies will need to prepare and register annual financial statements. The old act also required this, but the requirements are now a little bigger—particularly for larger societies. - The minimum requirements for “small societies” are set out in the Act. A small society is one with total operating payments less than $50,000 in each of the two preceding financial years, and total current assets less than $50,000 at the end of those two preceding financial years. - Other societies will need to meet [standards set out by the External Reporting Board](https://www.xrb.govt.nz/standards/accounting-standards/incorporated-societies/). - Some societies, whose annual operating payments exceed a certain threshold, will need their accounts audited. This threshold will be defined in regulations being developed by MBIE. #### Incorporated societies will require a contact person Every incorporated society will need to have at least one person (and up to three) the Registrar can contact if needed. They’ll need to be at least 18 years old, and ordinarily resident in New Zealand. For most societies it’ll probably make sense for this to be a committee member/officer, though they won’t need to be. #### What incorporated societies need to do now On 5 October 2023, the Incorporated Societies Act 2022 (the 2022 Act) came into force. The 2022 Act modernises the laws and the way societies need to operate. For a time, there will be 2 Acts in force – which one applies to your society depends on which Act it’s registered under. - Existing incorporated societies (those incorporated under the Incorporated Societies Act 1908) will need to reregister under the 2022 Act if they want to remain as an incorporated society. - New societies wanting to register will automatically register under the 2022 Act. #### Let us help you understand what’s ahead for your incorporated society April 2026 seems a long way off, but it’ll be here sooner than you think. Having this important legal requirement met will ensure you can relieve yourself of any of the associated stress later on. Our team can help you understand what you might need to do to meet the new Act’s requirements, and start a plan to get there. [Contact us for advice.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Privacy Vs Productivity: Reviewing The Ethics Of Remote Work Monitoring](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/) **Published:** December 16, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** As technology advances and working situations change, the fictional world of 1984 becomes ever-more a reality. So what are the privacy considerations for employers and employees? **Content:** We’ve all watched or read stories about surveillance culture; tales like George Orwell’s *1984*, in which Big Brother can watch your every move. As technology advances and working situations change, that fiction becomes ever-more a reality. The latest opportunity for that to grow was during worldwide COVID-19 lockdowns, in which employers looked for ways to keep an eye on employees as they worked from home—including in New Zealand. [US-based Hubstaff reported a 300% increase in sales of time-tracking software in New Zealand](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=80dccbe7ff&e=2b9b736768) during the first month of lockdown. This tracks when users log in and out, but can also record activity of employees throughout the day, even when their managers aren’t in direct contact with them. (Some of you might be shuddering right now, or thinking back to your recent work-time online activity.) So, what are the privacy implications of that? The *Privacy Act* makes it clear that employees need to be made aware of any information being collected and the reason for its collection. They’re also entitled to know how it will be used and stored, who can access it, and whether it can be modified. Employers should not collect information if it intrudes to an unreasonable extent on the personal affairs of individual employees. Privacy law issues aside, this kind of action can also have a big impact on staff morale, stress and turnover. So, while an employer might be seeking to protect productivity, in practice it might do the opposite. Less enthusiasm for work, less trust of employers, and possibly even more sick days being taken. And with a [recent survey from the Privacy Commissioner](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=1162509959&e=2b9b736768) showing nearly two-thirds of New Zealand are in favour of more privacy regulation, it’s an issue most people take seriously. It’s up to each employer to decide the balance for their business. But you definitely want to make sure you’re on the right side of your legal obligations: [that’s where we’re happy to lend you some advice](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=57c16f1c2d&e=2b9b736768). *\[*[*We acknowledge the input*](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=c576f18b0c&e=2b9b736768) *of Val Hooper Associate Professor and Head of Marketing at Victoria University of Wellington; Gordon Anderson Professor of Law at Victoria and Stephen Blumenfeld Director at the Centre for Labour, Employment and Work at Victoria\]* --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Employment, Uncategorised --- ### [Secure Your Love and Assets: Why a Prenuptial Agreement Matters](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/prenuptial-agreements-nz/) **Published:** April 3, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Prenuptial agreements are becoming a more popular option for couples around the world—though they’re not always for everyone. Is getting one the right call? Well, it’s different for everyone of course—but what’s important is that people talk about it. Because though prenuptial agreements sometimes have a bit of a stigma, they’re actually a really straightforward and commonsense move, and something that’s worth discussing early on. It’s one of those times where it’s good to make sure you’re on the same page. ### How prenups work: A quick recap In New Zealand, when a relationship ends (either through separation or death), all relationship property is generally divided equally. You can read up on more of this on our [Relationship Property page](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/relationship-property-law-separation-advice/). But a prenuptial agreement allows you to create your own arrangements about what should happen to your relationship property should the relationship end in separation. You and your partner can decide: - what property is relationship property, and what is separate property - in what proportions some or all of your property should be split (other than the default 50-50) - who will get property that can’t be divided (such as a family pet) ### Prenuptial Agreements: They don’t come from a lack of confidence! Prenups don’t come from a lack of confidence in a relationship. As in most engagements, the people who enter them usually intend their marriage to be for life, and believe it *will* be for life. And luckily, most of them are. Most prenups are never put to the test. But sometimes, usually years on, things change, or the unexpected happens. And when that happens, a prenup can be a real relief: not because you might end up with more assets than you would otherwise, but because it’s removed the prospect of uncertainty, conflict or drawn-out legal action. ### Why you should talk about a prenuptial agreement? #### Certainty and giving your relationship the certainty it deserves Prenups aren’t just in situations where one partner has significantly more assets than the other. They provide you certainty about your assets, and they give you the opportunity to consciously decide how you want to share your property with your partner. It’s you and your partner deciding; not just leaving it up to legislation made by people who don’t know your relationship. Both you and your partner are on the same page about your property. You know what you have. And it’s a demonstration of respect for what each of you have earned. #### Children from previous relationships Coming into a relationship, you might have other people you have to look out for: such as children from a previous relationship. The existence of those children doesn’t change the default position at law. Any relationship property will still be divided 50-50 between you and your new spouse should you split. That could include assets you might want to go to your children. That’s not necessarily fair on those children, and it might also make it harder for you to care for them. A prenuptial agreement can help make assets and property are kept safe for them. #### Dealing with property that might not be split easily Not all property can be split 50-50 (for example, a family pet). Or you might want to agree in advance how you’d deal with the family home—for example, if one partner can buy the other out at a previously-agreed price. You can set out how all property is dealt with in a prenuptial agreement. #### Reducing conflict if your relationship does end The more things you agree on early in your partnership, the less you’ll have to deal with if things turn rocky. That makes for an easier and less stressful time for everyone involved. #### Learning more about each other and getting any anxieties out of the way You’re planning to spend the rest of your life together. It’s important that you can be open and transparent with each other about all your thoughts going into that. Any anxieties you might have before you marry are only going to grow over time, and chances are, your partner might have similar worries too. It’s good to get them out of the way. So yes, talking about a prenup might make it less likely that you’ll ever actually have to use it. ![Talking about a prenuptial agreement is an important step](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/talking.jpg) ### ### How to bring up a prenup Even though a prenuptial agreement should all be straightforward, it doesn’t always make it easy to bring up. If you’re looking for a reason to do so, then this article can definitely serve as one. (“The lawyers said we should talk about it!” And we *do* say you should talk about it!) But it’s also good to talk about it in the context of broader financial discussions, such as retirement and estate planning. It’s not about what happens if you split: it’s about looking after each other. Before you marry, it’s important to consider things like [wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills/), and figuring out retirement plans. A [prenuptial agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement) is just another part of that planning. And remember: it’s something you might both be thinking about. So don’t stress! ### Call on us for advice and help Our relationship property experts are here to help you through all stages of your discussions. They can guide you through prenuptial agreements, division of relationship property, care arrangements for children, and anything else you might need—all with sensitivity and the benefit of experience. [Get in touch with our team for a no-pressure chat](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** News --- ### [Understanding unit titles and body corporate rules](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/unit-titled-property-body-corporate-rules/) **Published:** July 23, 2016 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** You own a unit titled property on the ground floor. The tree in your backyard has grown so tall that it blocks the sun to your neighbour’s apartment on the first floor. Your neighbour complains to the Body Corporate Committee who then gives you written notice to remove the tree. Can the body corporate committee do that? As an owner, you are a part of the [body corporate](https://www.unittitles.govt.nz/body-corporate-how-it-works/ "body corporate") so you can have a say. How will you challenge this? At Canterbury Legal, we can help you interpret the Body Corporate Rules and let you know your rights and responsibilities. For Body Corporate Committees we offer advice on body corporate governance and proper procedures so as to avoid expensive litigation. For individual unit titled property owners, we can represent you in the event that a there is a decision that adversely affects you. Please contact our expert [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-team/grant-smith/) at Canterbury Legal for all questions regarding unit titles or contact us below. Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Property, Residential --- ### [Rushed credit legislation leads to new lending requirements](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/rushed-credit-legislation-leads-to-new-lending-requirements/) **Published:** November 30, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** From Wednesday 1 December, banks, finance companies and their customers will face new obligations and paperwork as changes to the *Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act* come into effect. Among other requirements, [before lending money, lenders will need to](https://comcom.govt.nz/business/your-responsibilities-if-you-provide-credit/assessing-for-suitability-and-affordability-under-new-credit-laws): - ​​make specific inquiries about the borrower’s needs and objectives, to help ensure the credit product is suitable - make specific inquiries in order to assess the borrower’s income and expenses to be satisfied that the repayments are not likely to cause substantial hardship to the borrower. This will hopefully lead to greater protection for consumers, but it also means [applications for personal loans and mortgages are likely to take longer](https://www.interest.co.nz/personal-finance/113229/changes-consumer-lending-rules-december-1-bring-increased-requirement), and require more work from both lenders and borrowers. The effect is that customers will have to supply much more information when applying for a loan and lenders will have to check it out much more carefully, leading to a much longer process. **As a borrower, the key point is that you can’t expect loans to move as easily as they might have in the past. Set aside more time, and be expected to provide more details of your financial situation.** While banks, financial service business and mortgage brokers seem to [back the intent of the changes, the policies are expected to have a number of unintended consequences](https://www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976519631/banks-need-to-make-cccfa-easy-for-advisers-gough.html) and make some business harder than it needs to be. As Mortgage Lab CEO Rupert Gough puts it, “The 1% of the market that are targeting vulnerable people (with predatory lending) have caused the other 99% to have to do all this extra work.” Good Returns also notes that lenders are concerned the changes have been rushed through Parliament. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** New Amendments, News --- ### [New Privacy Act Changes Now in Place](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/) **Published:** December 14, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Thanks to technology, privacy law is undergoing rapid change. The new Privacy Act aims to create greater privacy protection for individuals, and place new obligations on businesses. **Content:** An area of law which is undergoing rapid change thanks to technology is privacy. The new Privacy Act 2020 is now in place, and aims to create greater privacy protections for individuals, and place new obligations on businesses and organisations. The [Office of the Privacy Commissioner](https://canterburylegal.us18.list-manage.com/track/click?u=ee61b9baca537fdb60d256fd5&id=fe1cbbc5cb&e=2b9b736768) explores the changes in detail, but in summary: - **Notifiable privacy breaches:** Businesses or organisations will be required to notify the Office of the Privacy Commissioner as soon as possible if they experience a privacy breach that causes serious harm to someone, or is likely to do so. - **Compliance notices:** The Privacy Commissioner can require a business or organisation to do something or stop doing something if it is not meeting its Privacy Act obligations. - **Binding decisions on access requests:** The Privacy Commissioner can make binding decisions on complaints relating to access to information. - **Disclosing information overseas:** New Zealand businesses or organisations may only disclose personal information to an overseas agency if it has a similar level of protection to New Zealand, or the person to whom the information pertains allows it. - **Extraterritorial effect:** The Privacy Act applies to overseas businesses or organisations dealing with New Zealanders, even if those businesses or organisations do not have physical presences in New Zealand. - **New criminal offences:** It’s now a criminal offence to mislead a business or organisation by impersonating someone, or pretending to act with another person’s authority, to gain access to their personal information. It’s also an offence to destroy a document containing personal information, knowing that someone has requested access to that information. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Smart Contracts: The way of the future for New Zealand business?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/smart-contracts-law/) **Published:** March 12, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **Smart contracts are a logical next step for business. Low-cost, transparent, efficient, and automatic? Why wouldn’t you sign up?** **But as with any new technological development, it’s about using it wisely, so you or your business can reap the benefits—and avoid any speed bumps.** ![Smart contracts: the way of the future for New Zealand businesses?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/smartcontracts_handshake-300x153.jpg)Think about how you carry out your business, and your personal finances. It’s probably a bit different from ten years ago, right? Even more so than 20 years ago. Lots of things change, but the thing that’s probably had the biggest impact on the way you work is *technology*. The internet came along, and suddenly there was a world of information available at your fingertips, and new ways to do things faster and better. Email made written communication a lot easier and a lot faster (and began to take over our lives!). Smartphones were once a dream, then a novelty, and are now ubiquitous. Maybe you’re looking at one right now. As with smartphones, the contracts of the future will be smart as well. Contracts that you can enter into that are transparent, conflict-free and guaranteed to be executed by all parties, with fewer middle persons. It’s something you’re probably going to want to jump on at some point–or need to jump on. But it’s also important to understand the best way to use them, so you’re getting the best deal for you, and the deal you expect. We’re afraid the dream of lawyer-free contracts isn’t coming true… at least not yet. But with a bit of expert guidance to get them going, and the peace-of-mind of having support there if they go wrong, you can enjoy a contract which is a lot more certain, and mostly manages to take care of itself. ## What are smart contracts? How do smart contracts work? ![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/blockchain.png) Smart contracts are self-executing pieces of computer code that monitor and carry out the terms of a contract, agreed to by the parties to the contract. They’re particularly useful when they involve digital assets, or real-world events that you can track automatically. Basically, it comes down to an “if-then” premise: if A happens, then do B. Or any combination thereof, to however many number of steps you like. But unlike most traditional contracts, it’s entirely automatic. Each step is recorded on, and then the next step triggered by, a blockchain. Because smart contracts, as they’re generally thought of today, are not-so-distant cousins of cryptocurrency. You’ve probably heard a lot about that recently – [we even talked about cryptocurrency and Bitcoin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/bitcoin-nz-investment/). Like Bitcoin transactions, smart contracts exist on a blockchain, such as one called Ethereum. Unlike Bitcoin, which is all about currency, Ethereum allows you to put any sort of agreement or code on the blockchain. 1. The parties to the smart contract agree on the terms. 2. The parties write the agreement into computer code. 3. The parties put the code on the blockchain. Everyone can see the contract, but the parties’ identities are anonymous. 4. When conditions prescribed by the parties are met, the smart contract carries itself out. Those conditions in (4) could be a wide variety of things. For example, it could be as simple as a payment of money: once the money arrives in an account, the next step in the contract is automatically carried out without need for human intervention. Or maybe the contract only executes when a stock price rises above a certain amount. Or when cargo reaches a destination. ## Benefits of smart contracts Smart contracts are not suited for every transaction. But when they are right, they come with a number of benefits. The biggest benefits are their efficiency, certainty and transparency. - **Immutability:** Nobody can change a smart contract once the parties add it to the blockchain. This guarantees performance. Fraud is pretty much impossible. - **Efficiency:** Each step in the contract is triggered automatically. No human intervention required. - **Transparency:** Anybody can look at an agreement’s code. People can spot any errors, and there’s no way to hide anything not agreed to by the parties. ## Potential smart contract examples #### **Property transactions** All information about a particular property that you wish to purchase could be stored on a blockchain as its digital identity. As this data cannot be changed, you, as well as your bank can rely on such information for your due diligence investigation and assessment of the property. You yourself will have a digital identity on a blockchain that would be used by your bank to access your ability to borrow. Your whole financial history would be recorded there, and nobody can alter it. Your bank will know if you had defaulted on previous bank payments. **Smart Contract One:** Once the bank approves your loan, you can enter into a smart contract with them for the loan. **Smart Contract Two:** Once you suss out the terms of the purchase, you and the seller enter into a smart contract whereby once you pay the purchase price, the contract transfers the land title into your name. **Smart Contract Three:** The seller could enter into another smart contract with his or her real estate agent, whereby as soon as you pay the seller the purchase price, the seller will pay to the broker his or her commission. One action will set off a chain of actions which nothing can stop. Thus, the smart contract delivers the desired outcomes to all parties. #### **Automated orders and shipping** **Smart Contract One:** You enter into a contract with an Australian company to ship you goods every time your inventory (tracked electronically) falls below a certain number. The contract triggers a new order every time inventory hits that point. Your payment automatically goes into escrow. It only exits escrow and goes to the seller once the goods arrive on your property (either as reported by the shipping company, or a beacon attached to the container). **Smart Contract Two:** The Australian seller enters into a contract with their shipping company. As soon as the goods arrive at your property, the shipping company receives their payment from the seller. In both these cases, payment is guaranteed when the contract is fulfilled by each party. There’s no risk of you paying for goods that don’t arrive, or the seller not receiving payment for goods that do arrive. ![Smart contracts: more efficient, but still need lawyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/smartcontracts_phones.jpg) ## Do smart contracts need lawyers? Early on, a lot of the commentary about smart contracts was that they spelled an end to contract lawyers. That the automation meant people could just set up the contracts and then the blockchain would do the rest. Now, this probably isn’t surprising coming from lawyers, but it is true: most smart contracts will still need a smart lawyer. #### Smart contracts need to have the right terms Just because it’s called “smart”, doesn’t make it so. The contract’s terms need to provide for what you want the contract to do. You need to account for any unforeseen implications. And you need to figure out how to handle any disputes. Because one of the big benefits of smart contracts is also one of its weaknesses: once a smart contract starts, there’s no stopping it, and there’s no changing it. You need to make sure it’s absolutely perfect for your purposes before you commit to it. #### Smart contracts need to be legal And just because it’s called a “contract”, doesn’t make it so. Some things you might want to put into a contract simply aren’t legal, or can’t be enforced. That could get you into trouble later on (remember: the contract is public!), or you might not end up with what you want. #### Smart contracts may still give rise to disputes Smart contracts definitely cut down the risk of non-performance. But there’s still always the possibility something will go wrong along the way. Ideally, you’d have something written into the contract to account for that, and having an expert do that is the best way of ensuring things will work in your favour. ## Smart contracts: the way of the future… but not for every transaction Smart contracts still aren’t perfect for every kind of contract. - **You can’t modify them once you commit to them.** So if changing conditions require a change to your contract, you’ll have to end the existing one and create an entirely new one. If that’s likely to happen, and likely to happen often, smart contracts might not be right for you. - **Smart contracts are based on clear transactions.** That’s great for anything that can be measured or tracked precisely. But if it’s, say, a contract for services, it’s not so easy for a smart contract to monitor that. What if it’s based on work being done to a certain standard? In many cases, that’s a determination that can only be made by a human. ## Smart contracts: the bottom line We think there’s a lot of potential for smart contracts. They can make things more efficient, transparent and certain. They’ll certainly become more and more prevalent. It’s not a matter of if, but a matter of when. Just as we saw phones become smart very quickly, we won’t have to wait long before smart contracts become a normal part of our lives. But as with most things, they still require a measure of caution. And we’re making sure we’re up with the latest, so we can provide you the advice you need when deciding whether to enter one. Of course, you might think, “I don’t need smart contracts”, or “they’re not for me”. With all the jargon, and the fact they’re still reasonably rare, that’s understandable. Yet maybe one day long ago, you thought the same thing about a mobile phone. And now you can’t live without the smart phone there in your pocket. ## Get advice about how you can use smart contracts: Talk with us today \[gravityform id=”1″ title=”false” description=”true”\] **Categories:** Finance, Litigation, News --- ### [Legislative Limbo: Confronting the Deepfake Menace in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/deepfakes-a-legislative-gap-in-new-zealand/) **Published:** April 4, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ### What is a deepfake? A deepfake is essentially where another person’s characteristics have been digitally altered to represent that of someone else. Their use is often tied with deceptive practices or malicious acts and for spreading false information through the use of someone else’s identity. No longer just the domain of expert digital creators. Deepfake technology is rapidly becoming far more commonplace, with the assistance of AI considerably more people are able to access the technology than ever before. It involves everything from imagery, videos and audio all having the ability to be manipulated in an extremely convincing way. While this technology presents a great level of concern for most New Zealanders, it appears New Zealand’s legislation is falling woefully behind as this cutting edge technology continues to advance at pace. This often leaves victims with little recourse other than asking online platforms for removal, should they be on the receiving end. ![Deepfake](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Deepfake.jpeg)*An AI generated image used to depict the rise in deep fake technology.* Despite submissions requesting for immediate inclusion, it appears recent amendments have fallen short of addressing [the issue at large in New Zealand](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/129409139/law-loopholes-around-deepfakes-a-threat-to-justice-police-and-law-experts-warn "the issue at large in New Zealand"). Countries such as Australia and the UK have enacted legislation specifically addressing deepfakes, and the US has introduced bills for addressing AI generated content. However, it appears that legal measures alone may not go far enough, with experts calling for a combination of public education, social media takedowns and technological authentication methods. These legislative gaps are likely to become even more widespread as the technology continues to take off. It is predicted that over the next 5 years this generative technology will only become even more sophisticated. With deepfake detection technology still playing catch up, it poses some concerning scenarios. For example, in police investigations where deepfake material may be presented as genuine. This not only extends to visual representations, but also to voice cloning technology that may be used. It will be interesting to keep track of how this new area of legislation may eventually evolve and develop as New Zealander’s come to learn of its potential widespread application. --- *Canterbury Legal are your expert Christchurch lawyers. [Please get in touch](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please get in touch") to find out how we can support you best with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Bank of Mum and Dad Nightmare: Lady Loses $50k](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/a-bank-of-mum-and-dad-lending-twist-elderly-woman-loses-50000/) **Published:** December 20, 2023 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** While a very sad story that relates to family relationship breakdown, it also signifies the importance of drawing up clearly defined legal expectations when it comes to gifting or lending to family members. In this instance an elderly woman (79) in New Zealand lent $50,000 to her daughter to purchase a property they planned to live in together. This was close to a hospital for the elderly woman’s critically ill husband. Following the death of her husband the woman decided to sell the property. Through the sale of the property she distributed $100,000 to each of her children to put towards a house deposit. While the $100,000 was gifted to her daughter, an additional $50,000 was agreed to be lent on the basis of her daughter paying it off when she had enough money to pay it back. The mother had engaged a mortgage broker to secure a home loan. The mortgage broker advised that the lender would not accept a loan arrangement for the additional $50,000 and that the mother had to sign a deed of gift for the full $150,000 to qualify for the home loan. The broker then allegedly misled her into thinking a Deed of Family Affairs (DOFA) would be prepared to prove that the $50,000 payment was a loan. When the mother later sought to use the $50,000 for a new home, the broker denied having ever discussed the DOFA. After the relationship broke down, the mother claimed negligence, seeking compensation for the lost $50,000, while the broker argued that arranging family affairs and seeking legal advice was the mother’s responsibility to protect her loan. This example serves as an important reminder of the importance of good legal advice. While best intentions are important when it comes to family, having clearly defined legal expectations should always be set up from the start to avoid problems down the track. Link to definition of a [deed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed "deed") --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Property, Residential **Tags:** family home, property --- ### [Driving Change: Our Efforts to Resolve over 3000 Outstanding EQC Claims](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/eqc-claims-unresolved/) **Published:** January 30, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** RNZ’s Checkpoint carried a [sobering story Monday evening](https://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/checkpoint/audio/2018629856/3000-eqc-claims-unresolved-seven-years-after-earthquake). Greater Christchurch Regeneration Minister Megan Woods revealed that 3000 EQC claims are still unresolved seven years on after the February 2011 earthquake. A lot of earthquake claims and repairs are complex. They do take time, and a lot of people have made it through successfully. But it’s just not good enough that so many Cantabrians are stuck in that earthquake limbo seven years on. ![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/christchurch_aerial-1024x682.jpg)Aerial image of Christchurch following 2011 earthquakes – [NZ Defence Force](https://www.flickr.com/photos/nzdefenceforce/5484302504/in/album-72157626162834872/)#### 3000 unresolved EQC claims isn’t good enough So at Canterbury Legal, we’re doing our bit to help change that. This year, we’re making it a priority to help as many people through their EQC claims as possible. When you make an EQC claim, or challenge one of their decisions, you’re at a disadvantage. It’s something you’ll probably only do once, but it’s something they do time and time again. No matter how organised you are, no matter how well-researched or prepared, it’s tough to close that gap of experience and expertise. That’s where we can help. We’re a good team to have in your corner, because since 2010, [we’ve helped people across Christchurch and Canterbury secure the right results from EQC](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/eqc-claims-insurance-claims-legal-advice/). We’ve got the experience and understanding to help you sort things. So if you’ve got an earthquake claim that seems to be going nowhere, or in the wrong direction, talk with us. Let’s tackle it together, and put a real dent in those 3000 unresolved claims. [Unresolved EQC claim? Get in touch to start getting it sorted.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) **Categories:** News --- ### [Understanding the pitfalls of New Zealand's fifth largest lender](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/understanding-the-pitfalls-of-new-zealands-fifth-largest-lender/) **Published:** November 16, 2023 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Here is an interesting one. Do you know who New Zealand’s 5th largest lender is for owner-occupiers? One that is estimated to lend out a whopping $22.6 billion in the last year alone, according to Consumer NZ? Here’s a hint, it is not one of the large trans-Tasman banks! If you haven’t guessed it yet, the “Bank of Mum and Dad” firmly occupies this space and is a key component of many Kiwis’ quest to gain a footing on the property ladder. While this is a successful route for many aspiring new homeowners, it can be fraught with perils and pitfalls that need to be carefully considered. Most of the “Mum and Dad” lending is for deposits (61%), but for a more concerning 1 in 10 parents, their help can result in moderate to severe financial strain when things go wrong. In short, such lending needs to be carefully considered in advance, especially when it relates to your own genuine love and good intentions directed towards a family member. ![Ladder with blue background](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Ladder.jpg) --- ## Some key considerations - Many seeking assistance from the “Bank of Mum & Dad” may be in a new or committed relationship. It is important to ask yourself what happens if that relationship was to end for your child & their partner? - Are you intending to offer the money required as a gift or as a loan? What conditions are in place, like most other agreements in life, if things were to go wrong? - What are the tax implications for parents or family trusts choosing to lend, while expecting to be repaid? Would you be choosing to charge interest or receiving a share of sales profits? - If you are providing a guarantee, what steps should be in place to protect your own interests, assets and future retirement? --- The “Bank of Mum & Dad” is destined to stay as one of the key steps to home ownership for young people, and is more likely to only grow in its demand in the years to come. Getting some legal advice to consider your situation at an early stage is an essential step in ensuring the arrangement can be clearly laid out and understood. Protection can be gained through a contracting out agreement or loan agreement to ensure all parties have full knowledge and understanding of what they are entering into. Committing to a new home or loan is a big undertaking with big challenges, risks and great satisfaction for those that are in a position to extend this option. If you are looking to provide funding to a family member,[ reach out to our team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) so we can help you with solutions for your unique situation. [Learn more about the Bank of Mum & Dad in this Consumer NZ article.](https://www.consumer.org.nz/articles/the-bank-of-mum-and-dad-is-the-fifth-biggest-owner-occupier-lender-in-new-zealand "Learn more about the Bank of Mum & Dad in this Consumer NZ article.") --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Property, Residential --- ### [Cyberbullying Laws: Understanding New Zealand's Harmful Digital Communications Act](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/cyberbullying-law-nz/) **Published:** May 31, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Bullying, harassment and abuse are sadly nothing new, and they’ve long gotten people on the wrong side of the law. But the internet and other forms of digital communication have opened up all sorts of new opportunities for those negative forms of communication to rear their ugly heads in ways the law didn’t necessarily account for. Which is why the law has grown and adapted. The [*Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015*](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/DLM5711810.html) (HDCA) aims to “deter, prevent, and mitigate harm caused to individuals by digital communications”, and “provide victims of harmful digital communications with a quick and efficient means of redress”. ### Facebook threats: a recent example of the Harmful Digital Communications Act in action A [recent case](https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/103733051/Man-sentenced-for-sinister-Facebook-postings) in which a Southland man put up a “Want Dead not alive $10,000 reward” poster of a journalist on his Facebook page resulted in a charge of causing harm by posting digital communication being prosecuted in the Gore District Court. The man admitted the charge, and Judge Alistair Garland had no hesitation in imposing a fine of $2000 and ordering a $2000 emotional harm payment to the victim. He also ordered that the man undergo intensive supervision for 18 months, in which he must attend a rehabilitative programme. Judge Garland said the offending was serious and calculating. He said it was done to cause the victim harm, and did so by causing her “extreme stress”. ### What are harmful digital communications? So there are a couple of things we need to define there: “digital communications”, and “harmful digital communications”. Digital communications [cover a wide ambit](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/DLM5711818.html): *Any form of electronic communication; and … includes any text message, writing, photograph, picture, recording, or other matter that is communicated electronically.* That includes all forms of social media, television, radio and mobile phone communication. So there are a lot of ways someone can cause harm via digital communication. But what counts as that “harm”? [According to the HDCA](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/DLM5711818.html), it’s “serious emotional distress”. And the Act provides some [communications principles](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/DLM5711838.html) which help define this. They state that a digital communication should not: - disclose sensitive personal facts about an individual - be threatening, intimidating, or menacing - be grossly offensive to a reasonable person in the position of the affected individual - be indecent or obscene - be used to harass an individual - make a false allegation - contain a matter that is published in breach of confidence - incite or encourage anyone to send a message to an individual for the purpose of causing harm to the individual - incite or encourage an individual to commit suicide - denigrate an individual by reason of his or her colour, race, ethnic or national origins, religion, gender, sexual orientation or disability. ### Examples of harmful digital communication ![Harmful Digital Communications](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/hdca-laptop-1.jpg) Some successful prosecutions under the HDCA have included: - A communication sent to a shared email account accessible by workmates, involving 11 photographs of the complainant in various stages of undress, including three photos of her exposed breasts and four photos in her underwear. - Photographs posted on Facebook showing the complainant naked wearing only an open dressing gown with her breasts and groin area clearly on display. Another was of her in a seated position with no top on and her breasts exposed. - Demeaning and insulting messages sent with a mobile phone. - Social media posts where they embarrassed the targeted person because all of their friends and family could view the photos and comments. - The use of Instagram where the communication was in the form of a number of hashtags and phrases which together amounted to threats of damage to property and personal injury. ### How to make a complaint under the Harmful Digital Communications Act ![Cyberbullying and other forms of online abuse are addressed by the Harmful Digital Communications Act in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/cyberbullying.jpg) If you think a communication threatens your safety, then you should report it to the Police. Otherwise, you should go to [Netsafe](http://netsafe.org.nz), which is tasked with handing complaints under the HDCA. [Their role is to](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2015/0063/latest/DLM5711842.html#DLM5711842): - receive and assess complaints about harm caused to individuals by digital communications - investigate complaints - use advice, negotiation, mediation, and persuasion (as appropriate) to resolve complaints And as a first port of call, their staff can give you [free and confidential advice](https://www.netsafe.org.nz/bullying-abuse-support/) about any harmful digital communication you think you might have received. You can report any problems to Netsafe [via an online form](http://netsafe.org.nz/report/), by emailing , or by calling 0508 NETSAFE (638 723). If you can, it’s important to keep records of what you’re complaining about—take screenshots, or save relevant URLs. Depending on the situation, they might give you advice on how to stop the problem, they might try and get problematic content removed on your behalf, or they might arrange contact with the person you believe is responsible for the communication (but only with your consent). If the problem can’t be solved there, or Netsafe recognises that there’s a clear breach of the HDCA, Netsafe will refer cases to the District Court. The Court can make an order to remove content, or impose penalties. Members of the public need to go to Netsafe before going to the District Court. But the Police can apply directly to the Court when a communication threatens a person’s safety. ### Criminal penalties The HDCA creates a new criminal offence of causing harm by posting digital communication. It’s punishable by: - up to 2 years’ imprisonment or - a maximum fine of $50,000 for individuals and a fine of up to $200,000 for companies. The Act also amended the *Crimes Act*, broadening the previous law against inciting someone to commit suicide. It is now an offence, regardless of whether or not the victim attempts to take their own life (previously, it was only an offence if the victim committed suicide or attempted to). If convicted, an offender may be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison. ### Civil remedies The District Court also has a broad range of civil remedies available. It can: - order that material be taken down - issue cease-and-desist orders - order publication of a correction, an apology or allow the complainant a right of reply - order the release of the identity of persons making anonymous communications - order name suppression for any parties. Under this process, the court orders persons or companies take certain actions. Non-compliance with such orders constitutes an offence. Offenders may be sentenced to up to six months in prison or fined up to $5,000. Companies can be fined up to $20,000. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. [Please reach out to us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/ "Please reach out to us") if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** News --- ### [The Secrets to Upholding Online Contracts and Defending Your Interests](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/online-contracts/) **Published:** February 6, 2018 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Online contracts are something you're party to every day. As a business or consumer, it’s really important to understand how they work—so you know how to make a good one, or to avoid being treated unfairly. **Content:** ![Click wrap agreements](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Click-wrap-image-300x169.jpg)You might not realise it, but every day you’re on the internet, you’ll probably agree to an online contract, or use a service or website where you’re party to an existing online contract. You might not actually read it, or sign it with your signature. But it is a contract nonetheless, and subject to the same conditions as any other contract—including the conditions that determine whether it is enforceable or not. If it doesn’t meet those conditions, then it might not be enforceable. So as a business or consumer, it’s really important to understand how online contracts work—so you know how to make a good one, or to avoid being treated unfairly. This is particularly important for businesses. If the court declares a term unfair and the business retains it in its contract, it’s liable to a fine of $200,000 for an individual, and $600,000 for a body corporate. A lot of money for words on a webpage—but all those words matter. #### **Types of online contracts** There are three distinct categories of online contracts. - **“Clickwrap” contracts** form part of programs supplied online and require that you click an “I accept” (or an equivalent) button to agree to their terms and conditions. - “**Browsewrap” contracts** are attached to websites and allow you to use a website without clicking or otherwise acknowledging acceptance of the terms and conditions. - **“Sign-in wrap” contracts** are somewhere between “clickwrap” and “browsewrap”. While there is no “I accept” button, you will be presented with a link to view the terms and conditions (but it is usually not required to use the relevant website) and you are taken to accept them by continuing to use the website or service. “Sign-in wrap” contracts may also provide that by registering or signing into an account you agree to the terms and conditions. So a lot of these contracts aren’t even particularly obvious. Which brings us to the first potential problem with them. #### **The main issue of enforcing online contracts: notice** Whether an online contract’s terms and conditions are enforceable usually depends on whether the consumer received adequate notice of those terms and conditions. A good example of this is the Uber case, *Meyer v Kalanick*, from the United States. **![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/uber-300x200.jpg)** **The Uber Case: Meyer v Kalanick** The United States District Court refused to enforce Uber’s online terms of service. But this decision was overturned on appeal to the US Circuit Court of Appeals. One of the Circuit Judges said smartphone users would find the disclosures reasonably conspicuous, even on smaller screens. It wasn’t enough that Meyer did not follow the hyperlink to the terms and conditions page. One Judge said: “While it may be the case that many users will not bother reading the additional terms, that is the choice the user makes”. So, they held that Meyer did receive adequate notice of the terms and conditions of the online contract. This decision is not binding on any New Zealand court. However, it may provide guidance as to the approach that courts might take here. #### **Factors New Zealand courts are likely to consider when determining if an online contract is enforceable** New Zealand courts would likely consider the following questions when determining if an online contract is enforceable. - Were you required to click an “I accept” button before utilising the product or services? - Was the existence of the terms and conditions prominently displayed, regardless of whether an “I accept” process was involved? - Was it is clear to you what you were “accepting”? - Was the online acceptance process unduly complicated? - Were the terms and conditions set out in a way which you could readily understand? If you’re a business drawing up an online contract, you should make sure you do all you can to meet this kind of standard of notice. #### **An “unfair” term in an online contract might be unenforceable** A New Zealand Court may also be called to consider whether or not the relevant term(s) sought to be enforced is “unfair”, in the context of the *Fair Trading Act 1986’*s unfair contract terms provisions. This applies to all “standard form” consumer contracts—contracts that are offered on a “take it or leave it” basis without any opportunity to negotiate. This can include online contracts. #### **What is an unfair term?** A term is unfair if three requirements are met: - the term must cause significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations arising under the contract - the term is not reasonably necessary to protect the legitimate interests of the business - the term causes detriment (financial or otherwise) to the consumer if it were enforced. But there’s a fairly big complication to having a contract term declared unfair in New Zealand. Unlike in Australia, New Zealand consumers themselves cannot apply to the court to have a contract term declared unfair—only the Commerce Commission can. A New Zealand consumer can lodge a complaint with the Commerce Commission to try and get the process started, but the decision to litigate or not remains with the Commission. #### The Grey List: terms that might be unfair, but still need to meet the requirements The legislation provides a non-exhaustive “grey list” of potentially unfair terms. The grey list includes some terms that are seen frequently in online contracts (such as those which limit a business’s liability or allow it to unilaterally change the terms of the contract). But a term won’t be automatically unfair just because it is on the grey list—it will still be subject to the three requirements referred to above. #### **Transparency** As part of its consideration, a court must take into account the extent to which the term is transparent. So the court needs to think about whether the term is: - clear and expressed in plain understandable language? - buried in the fine print or expressed in complicated technical jargon? - available to all parties affected it? While a lack of transparency alone is not the sole indicator that a term is unfair, one-sided terms and conditions which are buried in a website may well be in difficulty. #### **Terms that cannot be declared unfair** The legislation also addresses terms that cannot be declared unfair. These include: - Terms that define the main subject matter of the contract - Terms that set out the price of the product or service being supplied - Terms required or permitted by other legislation. #### Businesses must ensure their consumer contracts comply with the provisions If you want your customers or website visitors to comply with any terms and conditions you set out, you should do all you can to make them obvious, transparent and fair – compliant with the Act’s provisions. And if you change them, you must think carefully about how you communicate those to new and existing customers. We’re here to help if you’re: - a business trying to ensure your online contract is enforceable, and its provisions are fair in the context of the Fair Trading Act - a consumer who wants to know if an online contract is enforceable against them. Give one of our experts a [call or an email](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/). **Categories:** News --- ### [Property managers' mistakes can be binding on landlords](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-managers-mistakes/) **Published:** April 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Excerpt:** Property managers' mistakes can be binding on landlords in the right circumstances. So if you're a landlord, it pays to choose that property manager carefully. **Content:** **Most investment property owners rely on professional property managers to look after their rented properties. But it pays to choose that property manager carefully – as it seems property managers’ mistakes can be binding on landlords.** [A recent Tenancy Tribunal decision](https://www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976518301/tenant-s-hardship-brings-up-legal-issues.html) shows that picking the right property manager is particularly important. A Wellington tenant in a fixed-term tenancy due to expire in June 2021 applied to end the tenancy early. The property manager said in writing that the owner agreed to it, so long as the tenant paid rent until a new tenant was found. By mutual agreement, the tenant advertised the property, and found about 20 prospective new tenants. The problem? Turns out the property owner hadn’t actually agreed to it: the property manager had just assumed they would. The applications of those 20 prospective tenants weren’t processed, and the tenant faced the prospect of continuing to pay rent. ![Selecting the right property manager can be extremely important](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/nz-property-1024x683.jpg)As property managers’ mistakes can be binding on the landlord, it’s important to pick the right oneAnd where does that leave everyone? After weighing everything up, the Tribunal decided that because of the representation made by the property manager, the tenant was only liable for rent up to the point she vacated the premises in February, rather than the original June expiry date. It was reasonable for her to accept that the property manager was speaking with the authority of the landlord. Had the property manager correctly told her that the landlord did not agree to breaking the tenancy, then it’s likely she would have had to keep paying rent until June. A good reminder for all to make sure that when you commit to something, you’ve confirmed it properly with all parties—and when you have someone acting on your behalf, you both know when you need to agree on decisions. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** News, Property, Residential --- ### [Insurance advice for flood-affected homeowners after Cyclone Gabrielle](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/insurance-advice-for-flood-affected-homeowners-after-cyclone-gabrielle/) **Published:** March 10, 2023 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** In the weeks since the Cyclone Gabrielle and the devastating floods in the North Island, residents are still coming to grips with the enormity of the event. It is, however, encouraging to see people starting to look forward and think about the way ahead. Part of that, of course, is insurance, which should be there to protect us against catastrophes such as what happened in the wake of Cyclone Gabrielle. So if you have insurance for your house, contents, car, farm or business, what should you do? ## 1. Start with your policy That’s the record of what you are covered for. Don’t take for granted what you’re told should be covered, or take your insurance company’s word for what is covered. Read your policy. If yours is lost or destroyed, you can ask for a copy. You might be surprised at what cover you have. For instance: - Stress benefit of up to $10,000 when the house is destroyed; - Cover for temporary accommodation; - Cover for your accommodation costs for your pets; - A cash benefit if someone has died in the house; - Temporary storage costs for your contents; and - Rental car costs in a car policy. You should also check for add-ons, as it’s unlikely your insurance company will point them out to you. ## 2. Don’t be afraid to ask for a cash advance If you are in a dire financial situation, don’t be afraid to ask whether the insurance company might give you a cash advance in part of your claim entitlement. If the insurance company is satisfied your home is a write-off, it may pay an upfront amount for immediate needs. ## 3. Rental properties may have cover for loss of rent If you have a rental property, it’s likely there will be cover for loss of rent. If the house is a total loss, you could ask for this to be paid out straight away. ## 4. Record items before you throw them out When starting the clean up process, make sure you do not preemptively throw everything out. Your insurance company may want to see property before paying out, so at least try and make detailed records of what you throw out, and photograph valuables. Contact your insurance company first and do not rush to throw everything away. ## 5. Keep records of your contact with your insurance company When speaking to a claims handler, make a note of the person’s first and last name, date and details of the call. That way if there is any dispute about what was said, you have a date, time and name to refer to. Our team here at Canterbury Legal has significant experience dealing with EQC and insurance claims. We’ve helped hundreds of homeowners to successful resolutions with theirs. So get in touch for a free, no-obligation consultation with our insurance experts. Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Categories:** Insurance --- ### [Wills, Affidavits, Declarations and Signing Contracts During COVID-19](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/affidavits-declarations-signing-contracts-during-covid-19/) **Published:** April 15, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **UPDATED 1 May 2020** The law never stops – but sometimes it needs to do things a little differently. That’s why law firms like ours are [working remotely through the COVID-19 lockdown](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/working-remotely-covid-19-law-firm/). It’s also why the New Zealand legal fraternity has adapted the way it administers wills, enduring powers of attorney and oaths, declarations and affidavits. **Our team is still able to provide all these services via electronic means during the coronavirus lockdown.** The Government has now introduced some temporary law changes to make these new ways of doing things certain. ### Wills During COVID-19 The Government has [modified requirements for signing and witnessing wills](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2020/0065/latest/LMS337342.html) while COVID-19 physical distancing requirements in place. These changes mean wills may be signed and witnessed remotely via audio-visual links. - Witnesses and will-makers (or a person they’ve directed to sign on their behalf) can now sign separate copies of the same document, rather than a single physical document – meaning they don’t need to be in the same place. - All parties signing copies of the will via audio-visual link must make it clear on their copy that they have signed it this way due to the COVID-19 epidemic notice being in place. - All parties must promptly send photographs or scans of their copies to the will-holder. These separate documents will be treated as a single will document. Wills signed in this way will still be valid once the COVID-19 epidemic notice is lifted. Having a will is important. It gives you your say over what happens with your property, and how your loved ones should be looked after. [Get in touch with us to get a will sorted.](#contact) ### Enduring Powers of Attorney During COVID-19 [The Government has enabled similar changes](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2020/0068/latest/LMS338518.htmlhttp://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2020/0068/latest/LMS338518.html) to ensure that an enduring power of attorney can be created when the signatories are in different places. That means: - - signatories can now sign separate copies of the same document, rather than a single physical document – meaning they don’t need to be in the same place - the full set of these signed documents (which may include photographs or scans) are treated as a complete instrument creating the enduring powers of attorney - audio-visual links may be used instead of requiring signatories and witnesses to be in the same physical location. These documents won’t need to be re-signed as one document after COVID-19 physical distancing requirements end. The separate documents will still be treated as a single valid instrument. [Get in touch with us to create an enduring power of attorney.](#contact) ### Affidavits, Declarations and Oaths during COVID-19 **Updated May 1 2020** Initially, the [New Zealand Law Society sought an opinion from Auckland barrister Paul Collins](https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/practice-resources/the-business-of-law/legal-practice/opinion-administration-of-oaths-and-declarations-in-circumstances-of-mandatory-self-isolation) about how to administer affidavits, declarations and oaths during COVID-19. [Modified requirements for these during COVID-19](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2020/0063/latest/LMS337268.html) have now been confirmed by the Government. Similar to wills and enduring powers of attorney, when taking an affidavit, declaration or oath, we: - do not need to be in your physical presence - do not need to sign the same physical document. We can take these via an audio-visual **or** audio link, which includes the phone. We just need to ensure that: - it’s actually you signing the document - you’ve read the document, understand it and believe it to be true - any attached exhibits are the ones referred to in the document. We can help you carry all this out in the right way. [Get in touch with us about affidavits, declarations and oaths.](#contact) ### Electronic Signing and Witnessing Fortunately, electronic transactions and the use of electronic signatures is already provided for by the [Contracts and Commercial Law Act 2017](http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2017/0005/21.0/DLM6844033.html). (This only covers contracts, and not the above declarations or powers of attorney, wills, codicils and other testamentary documents.) There are some requirements around consent. In some circumstances the person receiving the document needs to consent to receiving an electronic signature. In other circumstances the signatory needs to consent to receiving the witness’ electronic signature. We’re experienced at carrying this service out for all kinds of situations, so we can easily steer you in the right direction. [Get in touch with us about electronic signing and witnessing.](#contact) ### Signing Property Documents During COVID-19 When buying or selling property, we’d typically have to witness you in person signing certain documents. There are also requirements around confirming your identity. Those requirements have been adapted to the current circumstances by [Land Information New Zealand](https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/01247). We can complete property transactions remotely so long as we take reasonable steps to confirm your identity and are satisfied you are who you say you are. We’d also need to get your signature using a particular kind of electronic signing system. We can advise you about how to do that. Of course, before doing all this we’d also make sure you knew all the potential implications of completing a property transaction during the COVID-19 lockdown, or the levels immediately after. The best thing to do is get in touch and talk to us about it. --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, Property --- ### [Legal advice for Christchurch businesses during COVID-19](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-advice-for-christchurch-businesses-during-covid-19/) **Published:** April 15, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Throughout the COVID-19 lockdown, we’ve been busy [providing individuals and businesses with legal advice and support](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/working-remotely-covid-19-law-firm/). Some of it is the usual, but most relates in some way to COVID-19 and the law.In particular, there are a lot of issues Christchurch businesses will need to consider about COVID-19 and its impacts. Here are some of the things we’re bringing to the attention of our clients. ### Financial Support ### COVID-19 Economic Package The Government has released a variety of economic responses to the lockdown, with more on the way. The most significant measure is the [COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Scheme](https://www.employment.govt.nz/leave-and-holidays/other-types-of-leave/coronavirus-workplace/wage-subsidy/), which helps employers and employees of businesses affected by COVID-19. Many businesses have already applied for and received the subsidy, which is paid out as a lump sum to cover a 12-week period. But it’s vital that employers use the subsidy correctly. If you’re not sure how to apply for the subsidy or ensure you administer it correctly, please get in touch. We’re closely familiar with how the scheme works and how it applies to different businesses. [Talk with us about the Wage Subsidy Scheme](#contact) ### COVID-19 Wage Subsidy for Self-Employed and Contractors The Wage Subsidy is also available to self-employed people and contractors. Do make sure you’ve applied if you think COVID-19 has affected your income. We can provide you advice about your eligibility and the application process. [Talk with us about advice for self-employed and contractors](#contact) ### ChristchurchNZ Business Support Subsidy for COVID-19 As the first phase of its [Economic Recovery Package](https://www.christchurchnz.com/christchurch-economic-recovery-package), ChristchurchNZ is offering a [Business Support Subsidy](https://www.christchurchnz.com/christchurch-economic-recovery-package/christchurchnz-business-support-subsidy) for small to medium sized businesses. This consists of up to a $1000 subsidy to access professional advice about dealing with the economic and resourcing impacts of COVID-19. There is also a [full grant of up to $5000](https://www.christchurchnz.com/christchurch-economic-recovery-package/regional-business-partners-network) for these services available via funding to the Regional Business Partners Network. The first step in accessing either fund is to register for the [Regional Business Partners Network](https://app.regionalbusinesspartners.co.nz/Business/SelfRegister). #### Christchurch City Council Rates Payments Deferral for COVID-19 Recognising the financial stress many individuals and businesses are facing, the Christchurch City Council is offering a six month extension on payments for 2019/2020 Rates Instalment 4. The extension is for both business properties and residential properties, subject to meeting certain criteria. [Find out more about applying for the extension at the City Council website.](https://ccc.govt.nz/services/rates-and-valuations/ratesextension/) ### Business Banking Support for COVID-19 All major banks are offering some kind of support or relief for businesses facing financial stress due to COVID-19. The [Government’s Business Finance Guarantee Scheme](https://www.business.govt.nz/covid-19/business-finance-support-and-mortgage-holidays/) offers small and medium-sized businesses targeted new loans. These are of up to $500,000, for up to three years, for businesses with annual revenue between $250,000 and $80 million. These are still subject to banks’ individual lending processes. Individual banks are also offering repayment relief for credit card debt and loans, and temporary credit lines and overdrafts. The ways each bank approaches these will differ, so it’s best to arrange a conversation with them. We’ll be available to help with advice or support through the process. [Talk with us about advice for banking arrangements](#contact) ### Companies Act Changes Due to COVID-19 The [Government has announced planned temporary changes to the *Companies Act*](https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/further-measures-support-businesses) intended to help businesses affected by COVID-19. Per their summary, the changes include: - *Giving directors of companies facing significant liquidity problems because of COVID-19 a ‘safe harbour’ from insolvency duties under the Companies Act,* - *enabling businesses affected by COVID-19 to place existing debts into hibernation until they are able to start trading normally again,* - *allowing the use of electronic signatures where necessary due to COVID-19 restrictions,* - *giving the Registrar of Companies the power to temporarily extend deadlines imposed on companies, incorporated societies, charitable trusts and other entities under legislation, and* - *giving temporary relief for entities that are unable to comply with requirements in their constitutions or rules because of COVID-19.* While the legislation can’t be passed until Parliament sits again, which is likely to be April 28, the changes will apply with retroactive effect. If you have pressing concerns about your business during COVID-19, please get in touch. We can advise you on these changes and other arrangements that might be beneficial to you. [Talk with us about your business concerns](#contact) ### Electronic Business Contracts While it’s not possible for us to witness documents in person, we are able to assist with electronic signing and witnessing. [Find out more about affidavits, declarations and contracts here.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/affidavits-declarations-signing-contracts-during-covid-19/) --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Business, COVID-19 --- ### [Buying or selling residential property during COVID-19](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/buying-or-selling-residential-property-during-covid-19/) **Published:** September 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **Does COVID-19 need to put a stop to your residential property dreams? Not necessarily.** While COVID and lockdowns can stop plenty of things, they don’t stop property sales and purchases. However, they can limit things. For example: - At level 4, you’re unable to move house, except under extreme circumstances. Conveyancing and real estate work can only happen remotely. - At level 3, viewings and inspections can only happen in certain conditions. Conveyancing work can only happen remotely. - At level 2, open homes and auctions are subject to physical distancing requirements. For a full rundown of limitations and other issues, see the [Ministry of Justice’s Guidance for property sales and settlements during COVID 19](https://www.justice.govt.nz/about/news-and-media/covid-19-news/guidance-for-property-sales-and-settlements-during-covid-19/). Because of these limitations, we recommend you take extra care with agreements for sale and purchase. If, for example, you sign one during level 2 and we move to level 4 before the settlement date, it might affect your ability to inspect the property, or to move on time. So we recommend that your real estate agent includes text like that below in any agreement for sale and purchase. It means that should alert levels change during the buying or selling process, settlement will be deferred until five working days after we move into an alert level where settlement can take place safely. --- ***\[2?.0\] COVID-19 Alert System Settlements*** *\[2?.1\] As at the date of this agreement, New Zealand is at Alert Level 2 of the Covid-19 Alert System (the Alert Level) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (the Pandemic). Under Alert Level 2, personal movement associated with the settlement of property transaction is permitted to occur.* *\[2?.2\] The parties acknowledge that the Government may change the Alert Level if there is a change to the public health risks in New Zealand as a result of the Pandemic. Any change to the Alert Level may apply nationally or in specified regions.* *\[2?.3\] The parties agree that in a circumstance where:* *(a) the Alert Level is increased, either nationally or in the region in which the property is located; and* *(b) the relevant order made by the Director-General of Health under the Health Act 1956 (or other legislative instrument, if applicable) which gives effect to the Alert Level provides that it would be unlawful for the personal movement associated with settlement to occur then;* *the date of settlement under this agreement will be deferred to the date that is 5 (five) working days after New Zealand (or, in the case of a regional Alert Level change, the region in which the property is located) enters into an Alert Level where the personal movement associated with settlement is permitted, or to such other date as may be agreed between the parties in writing.* *\[2?.4\] Neither pay will have any claim against the other in relation to the deferral of settlement in accordance with this clause.* ***\[2?.0\] COVID-19 working day clause*** *\[2?.1\] The parties agree that any period within the NZ Government COVID-19 Alert Level 3 or above shall not constitute a “working day” and the definition of “working day” at clause 1.1(37) of this agreement shall be read accordingly.* --- **Need more guidance on how to go about buying or selling residential property during COVID-19, or anything else to help you on our property journey? Our property team is here to help. [Feel free to get in touch with any questions.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/)** **And if you’re thinking or buying or selling residential property before Christmas, make sure you [register for our conveyancing deal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/conveyancing-deal/) and receive 20% off your conveyancing fees.** --- *Protecting what matters to you is important to us. Please reach out to us if we can assist with your legal needs.* Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit **Address** Canterbury Legal Building, Level 2, 205 Durham Street South. Christchurch Central **Postal Address** P.O. Box 22115, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand **Phone:** +64 3 377 0792 **Fax:** +64 3 377 0795 **Email:** **Categories:** Uncategorised --- ### [Are Your Terms of Trade Giving You the Protection You Think?](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/terms-trade-giving-protection-think/) **Published:** August 23, 2017 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** [![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Terms-and-Conditions-image.jpg)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Terms-and-Conditions-image.jpg)This is a question that Justice Nation was somewhat indirectly asked to decide in his recent decision in [Thorn v United Steel Ltd \[2017\] NZHC 1865](https://jade.io/article/1021696).The background can be set out relatively concisely. United Steel Ltd (“United Steel”) was approached by Mr Thorn to provide steel to one of his companies. As you would expect, before United Steel agreed to provide the steel, it required Mr Thorn to sign a comprehensive credit application that set out United Steel’s terms of trade, and provided for him to guarantee and provide security for his company’s trade account. United Steel’s terms of trade were in a relatively standard form. They contained a clause under which Mr Thorn agreed to provide, as security for his company’s account, all rights, title and interest in any property he held, either alone or jointly, and authorised United Steel to lodge a caveat against the property and appointed United Steel to be his attorney for this purpose. United Steel’s terms of trade went a step further, and extended to Mr Thorn authorising United Steel to act as his attorney to create a mortgage charge on his property if the caveat was not possible or if the mortgage charge was necessitated to protect United Steel’s interests. Not surprisingly, when the company’s account became in default, United Steel instructed its solicitors to lodge a mortgage against Mr Thorn’s interest in his property, and its directors signed an Authority and Instruction form to that effect acting under the power of attorney given to United Steel by Mr Thorn. While it was not raised in Mr Thorn’s application, his Counsel submitted that the combined effect of s 12 and 157 Land Transfer Act 1952 and s 9 Property Law Act 2007 required the appointment of United Steel as Mr Thorn’s attorney to be by deed, and that, as Mr Thorn’s signature to the credit application form was witnessed by an employee of United Steel, it was not a valid deed, and could not be relied upon by United Steel’s director for the purposes of signing the authority and instructions (“A & I”) form for its solicitors to register the mortgage. Justice Nation agreed with the submission and held that United Steel could only authorise the electronic registration of the mortgage over Mr Thorn’s interest in the property if it had been appointed as his attorney by deed, and that, as the terms of trade were not executed as a deed, the mortgage was invalidly registered. In the decision, there was no question about whether United Steel had the right to register a caveat. Ultimately then it is not clear what impact this decision will have on the ultimate outcome of the case and Mr Thorn remained liable as a guarantor. However, there are some timely lessons to be learned for any entity that has a similar provision in their terms of trade. 1. Ensure that the customer’s signature is not witnessed by employees, but an independent witness; 2. Ensure there is adequate provision in the terms of trade for witnesses to sign as witness and state their name, occupation and location; 3. Ensure that the customer is delivered a copy of the signed terms of trade; and 4. Ensure you have an adequate process or checklist in place for ensuring that your terms of trade or credit application is properly signed and witnessed before providing credit or goods. If you think your terms of trade might need updating, please feel free to get in touch with us. Contact either **Clive Cousins** or **David Ballantyne**. **Categories:** Residential --- ### [The Devastating Impacts of Meth Infested Homes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/methamphetamine-affected-residences/) **Published:** July 7, 2017 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **P LABS[![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Meth-lab-photo.jpg)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Meth-lab-photo.jpg)** The manufacturing and use of methamphetamine more commonly known as P or meth in residential homes has become a huge problem for New Zealand landlords and home owners. People exposed to even small amounts commonly experience rashes, headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue and shortness of breath. The research on the long term effects of second hand meth is scarce. However, it is assumed that small doses of the drug would have the same negative effect as for users, but on a lesser scale. **NZ STANDARD** The Standard for the [Testing and Decontamination of Methamphetamine Contaminated Properties](https://www.standards.govt.nz/get-standards/sponsored-standards/testing-and-decontamination-of-methamphetamine-contaminated-properties/) has just been released by Standards New Zealand. The national standard is not mandatory as it has not been included in legislation. For the time being it can only provide “best practice” guidance . If any litigation involving meth testing or contamination were to be considered by the Courts, it is likely that the Standard would be highly influential . The maximum contamination levels allowed under the new Standard have been set in line with standards worldwide. The maximum levels for a property to remain habitable without requiring further decontamination are as follows: - 1.5 microgram (µg)/100 cm3 in any high use areas; - 3.8 microgram (µg)/100 cm3 in any limited use areas. A high use area is defined as an area easily accessed and regularly used by adults and children and includes living areas and bedrooms . A limited use area is defined as an area that is likely to be accessed only by adults and for short periods of time such as crawl spaces, wall cavities and underfloor areas. Under the Standard there must now be a clear separation between those who test for contamination and those who are involved with its cleaning and remediation – this removes any possible conflict of interest. **THREE STAGE PROCESS** Meth testing now involves a three stage process: The first stage involves a screening assessment by a qualified NZQA tester using the appropriate testing equipment. If that assessment shows a positive result then a detailed assessment must be undertaken. A detailed assessment is undertaken on a room by room approach by an accredited sampler who will determine the exact level of meth present. A detailed assessment report will then be provided. Where the assessment shows that a property is contaminated above the limits previously specified, decontamination will need to be carried out. A further test will be undertaken by the accredited sampler to confirm the effectiveness of the decontamination work. **DUE DILIGENCE** This process can result in significant expense if a property is found to be contaminated above the specified levels. To avoid this, anyone purchasing a property should consider a screening assessment as part of their due diligence. Ideally you should include a specific due diligence condition relating to meth testing in the agreement for sale and purchase. A Land Information Memorandum (LIM) cannot be relied on to provide any information regarding contamination of a specific property, as the Council can only act where it has received information regarding the property. Often, that does not happen. **LANDLORDS** Landlords should also consider meth testing. Section 45 (1) (a) of the Residential Tenancies Act 1986 (“the Act”) states that “*the landlord shall provide the premises in a reasonable state of cleanliness*” and “*the landlord shall comply with all requirements in respect of buildings, health and safety under any enactment so far as they apply to the premises*”. The Act creates a presumption of basic habitability. To protect their investment it would be prudent for a landlord to have a screening assessment undertaken whenever there is a change of tenants. A negative test at the start of a tenancy and a positive test at the end will help place liability on the tenant. A lack of baseline testing would make it very hard to prove the liability of the tenants. The use of tenancy agreements that will allow for the testing of meth during a tenancy is also highly recommended. **Categories:** News, Property, Residential --- ### [Are you interested in investing in residential property in New Zealand? There may be tax consequences for you.](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/interested-investing-residential-property-new-zealand-may-tax-consequences/) **Published:** September 16, 2016 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** The Taxation (Bright-Line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015, took effect from 1 October 2015. The changes mean that if you buy and sell residential property within two years after 1 October 2015 any gains made during that period may be taxable. There are some exceptions. The new rules won’t apply to your main home, i.e. the home that is used as the principal place of residence by you or your family unless: - you fit the definition of an offshore person (includes a NZ citizen who has not been in the country in the 3 years prior to the sale); - you have multiple main home sales within two years (2 or more sales); - you are a principal settlor or a beneficiary of a Trust owned property which is your main home; - the transfer of the property follows the death of an executor, administrator or beneficiary; - the property is transferred under a relationship property agreement where the relationship has broken down. If you are concerned that the changes may affect you or want to discuss the consequences of your purchase before you commit please [contact Grant Smith or Jim Eddy](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/). **Categories:** Residential --- ## Pages ### [Canterbury Legal HOMEPAGE](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) **Published:** August 5, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** # CHRISTCHURCH LAWYERS ## Clear, *practical* legal advice for property, business, and life’s big decisions. ### Established 1991 ### Christchurch based ### 30+ years in Canterbury ### Practical advice ## We've been helping our clients protect, grow and move forward since 1991. How can we help you? #### [ For you & your family ](/personal-law/) Plan ahead, protect your family and navigate life's changes with confidence. Wills & estates · Trusts · EPAs · Relationship property [ Explore Personal Law ](/personal-law/)[](/personal-law/) #### [ For your property & investments ](/property-law/) Clear legal guidance from your first home to complex property and development projects. Buying & selling · Commercial property · Development · Construction [ Explore Property Law ](/property-law/)[](/property-law/) #### [ For your business & organisation ](/business-commercial-law/) Commercial advice that helps you manage risk, protect what you've built and keep moving forward. Structuring · Contracts · Transactions · Finance · Governance [ Explore Business Law ](/business-commercial-law/)[](/business-commercial-law/) #### [ When there's a dispute ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) Strategic advice to protect your position, resolve disputes efficiently and act decisively when required. Commercial · Property · Insolvency · Estate · Construction disputes [ Explore Dispute Resolution Services ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) #### [ For your society, club or charity ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies/) Establish sound legal foundations, meet their ongoing obligations and deal with governance or organisational issues Governance · Constitutions · Registrations ·Compliance [ Explore Personal Law ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies/) Why Canterbury Legal?## We listen first. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We take the time to understand what matters, give you a clear view of your options, and build a practical strategy for what happens next. - **Straight answers** Clear advice without unnecessary legal complexity. - **Strategic thinking** Advice built around the outcome you’re actually trying to achieve. - **Decisive action** When action is required, we’re prepared to take it. [VIEW OUR SERVICES](/our-team-4/) testimonials## Trusted by Canterbury clients *for over 30 years* ## Christchurch lawyers who know the territory. Legal expertise matters. So does understanding the people, businesses and communities you’re working with. Our team combines decades of experience with commercial insight and practical local knowledge, helping clients make confident decisions and move forward. [MEET OUR LAWYERS](/our-team-4/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2.webp "Clive Cousins") #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4.webp "Sydney Austin") #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8.webp "Grant Smith") #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10.webp "Terena Te Whaiti") #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1.webp "Callum McPetrie") #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3.webp "Angela Ingrosso") #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6.webp "Matthew Bowen") #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9.webp "Sue Cousins") #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2.webp "Chelsea Chong") #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1.webp "Olivia O’Brien") #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5.webp "Margeaux Smith") #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) ## LegalChat: insights & practical information. Legal Chat by Canterbury Legal offers plain-English legal insights, with your next step in mind. Browse below or receive the latest updates straight to your inbox. ##### Sign up to receive our monthly edition Email Address Sign Up ## A conversation now can save you later. Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-services/personal-law/) **Published:** August 2, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** PERSONAL LAW # Clear advice. Calm strategy. Long-term protection. #### Life changes. Families change. Priorities change. The right legal advice and structures can help protect you, your family and what you've built when they do. Canterbury Legal provides practical advice across wills and estates, family trusts and asset protection, enduring powers of attorney, relationship property and separation. ## Clear advice. ## Calm strategy. ## Long-term protection. ## How can we help you? Personal legal needs don’t always fit neatly into one category. Start with what you’re trying to achieve. #### [ Plan for the future ](/contact) Put the right arrangements in place for yourself and the people who matter. **Wills · Estate planning · Enduring Powers of Attorney** [ Explore planning ahead ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ Protect what you've built ](/contact) Put appropriate structures around your assets, family interests and future plans. **Family trusts · Asset protection · Succession planning** [ Explore asset protection ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ Relationships & separation ](/contact) Understand your rights, protect your position and make clear arrangements around relationship property. **Contracting out agreements · Relationship property · Separation** [ Explore relationship property ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ When someone dies ](/contact) Get clear, practical guidance through the legal responsibilities that follow a death. **Probate · Estate administration · Wills · Trust and estate issues** [ Explore estate administration ](/contact)[](/contact) Planning ahead## Build the right plan around your life. #### [ Wills ](/) Make your wishes clear and ensure the people and things that matter are properly provided for. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Estate planning & administration ](/) Plan ahead with confidence or get practical guidance when administering an estate. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Enduring Powers of Attorney ](/) Choose who can make important personal and financial decisions if you're unable to. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Family trusts & asset protection ](/) Establish, review and manage structures designed to protect family assets and support succession. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Relationship property & separation ](/) Understand your rights and put clear arrangements around assets and property. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Relationship property disputes ](/) Strategic advice when agreement can't be reached and your interests need protecting. [ Read More ](/)[ ](/) ![taking a look at our financial options 2026 01 09 09 49 58 utc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/taking-a-look-at-our-financial-options-2026-01-09-09-49-58-utc-1-rityasprtiz2gyxrgfiefi25chx7kdvgq29jnbx4b8.jpg "taking a look at our financial options 2026 01 09 09 49 58 utc") ## What you can expect. ##### Straight answers, not legal theatre. ##### Options explained clearly (no jargon, no judgement). ##### A plan that balances protection, fairness, and certainty. ## How we work. We do not escalate unnecessarily. We assess structure first: - What assets are involved? - What ownership arrangements exist? - What trust or company interests may be relevant? - What long-term implications need consideration? From there, we provide direct, practical advice designed to reduce uncertainty and protect what matters most. ## Frequently asked questions. When should I update my will? Major life events such as marriage, separation, new children, business ownership changes or asset restructuring should trigger a review. Is a family trust always necessary? No. Trusts must suit your circumstances. Poorly structured trusts can create complexity without protection. Does leaving the family home affect relationship property entitlement? Not automatically, but early decisions can influence negotiations and practical outcomes. Advice should be obtained before moving out. Do I need enduring powers of attorney if I am young? Unexpected incapacity can occur at any age. Without valid documents, your family may face court applications to manage your affairs. ## Our Personal Law services include... Wills, estate planning & estate administration Plan clearly. Protect properly. Administer efficiently. We advise on comprehensive estate planning, including wills and trust integration, and assist executors with estate administration when the time comes. **[→ Plan your estate properly](/contact-us)** Asset protection & family trusts Structure matters more than templates. We advise on the establishment, review and restructuring of family trusts to ensure they achieve genuine protection and remain legally compliant. [**→ Protect your assets with clarity**](/contact-us) Enduring powers of attorney Maintain control, even during incapacity. We prepare enduring powers of attorney for both property and personal care decisions, ensuring your affairs can be managed if you cannot act yourself. [**→ Put safeguards in place**](/contact-us) Relationship property law & separation advice Protect your position early. Whether you are entering a relationship, considering a contracting out agreement, or navigating separation, early strategic advice can significantly affect outcomes. We focus on calm, measured solutions and clear entitlement analysis. [**→ Get strategic separation advice**](/contact-us) Relationship property disputes When matters escalate, clarity becomes critical. If agreement cannot be reached, we provide decisive representation to protect your interests through negotiation, mediation or litigation. [**→ Protect your position**](/contact-us) ## Personal matters benefit from calm, early advice. If you would like clarity around your position or planning, speak with our team. Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-services__trashed/property-law/) **Published:** February 9, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** PROPERTY LAW # Buy. Sell. Develop ... without risky surprises. ### Property decisions shape financial outcomes for years, sometimes decades. At Canterbury Legal, we approach property law strategically. We look beyond settlement dates and contract clauses to consider ownership, risk allocation and long-term implications. ## Property is exciting — until it isn’t. Whether you are buying your first home, developing land, negotiating a commercial lease or resolving construction issues, the structure around the transaction often matters more than the document itself. ## Our Property Law services include... Residential conveyancing (buyers & sellers) Clear advice. Clean settlements. No surprises. We act for buyers and sellers across Christchurch and Canterbury, ensuring contracts, finance and settlement conditions are properly aligned. [**→ Talk to a property lawyer**](/contact-us) First home buyers Guidance through one of life’s biggest decisions. We assist first home buyers with KiwiSaver withdrawals, lending structures and contractual protections to ensure your first step into property is secure. [**→ Get clear advice before signing**](/contact-us) Commercial property & developments Property transactions with commercial weight require strategic oversight. We advise on acquisitions, disposals, leasing, joint ventures and development structures, with particular attention to risk allocation and ownership entities. [**→ Structure your development properly**](/contact-us) Building & construction issues Construction projects carry risk. We assist with contract reviews, defect claims, payment disputes and risk prevention strategies before issues escalate. [**→ Protect your position**](/contact-us) Subdivision & land development Development is as much about structure as it is about land. We advise on entity structuring, GST implications, infrastructure obligations and contractual arrangements for subdivisions and staged developments. [**→ Get development advice early**](/contact-us) Insurance claims Christchurch has unique experience in insurance complexity. We assist property owners in navigating insurance claims to ensure entitlements are properly assessed and pursued where necessary. [**→ Resolve your claim strategically**](.contact-us) ![Screenshot 2026 02 10 at 4.41.07 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/Screenshot-2026-02-10-at-4.41.07-am-e1770660723183-riwunbrq58tu00kkyt0wvwwf1d9xvxbawt3db18cb8.png "Screenshot 2026 02 10 at 4.41.07 am") ## Why structure matters in property. Many disputes arise not because of bad intentions, but because of poor structuring at the outset. Early legal advice can: - Clarify ownership arrangements - Protect against unintended liability - Align property ownership with trusts or companies - Identify financing and guarantee risks - Reduce exposure in development or subdivision projects We focus on foresight. Not firefighting. ## How we approach property matters. We consider the full picture. We ask early: - Who owns the asset and why? - Is the ownership structure fit for purpose? - What personal guarantees or securities exist? - How does this transaction affect long-term exposure? Property is rarely isolated from business, trusts or relationship property. ## Who we assist. ###### First home buyers who want guidance (and protection). ###### Property investors who want speed and clarity. ###### Developers needing structured, compliant progress. ###### Anyone dealing with insurance or construction disputes. ## Frequently asked questions. When should I involve a property lawyer in a transaction? Ideally before signing an agreement. Once a contract is unconditional, options become limited. Early review allows for proper risk assessment and condition drafting. What is the difference between residential and commercial property advice? Commercial property transactions often involve leases, GST implications, development risk and complex financing structures. They require a broader strategic assessment. Should property be owned personally or through a trust or company? That depends on tax position, risk exposure, lending requirements and long-term planning. Ownership structure should be assessed before purchase. What risks should developers consider before subdividing land? Key considerations include entity structuring, GST treatment, infrastructure obligations, contractual risk allocation and financing exposure. Talk to a property lawyer## Fast action. ## Smart structure. ## No loose ends. If you are buying, selling, developing or resolving a property issue, speak with our team early. ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [404 page](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/elementor-5584/) **Published:** February 5, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** Where Page ? error 404 [Take me Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) Lost Direction? error 404 [Take me Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) Looks like the page you’ve been looking for is missing or it has been moved Well That's Disappointing Error 404 Page Not Found prev / next get me out error 404 Hmmm... You’re Lost Take me Home the page you are looking for is missing next prev ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() --- ### [Our Team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-team-4/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** OUR TEAM # Experience where it counts. People you can talk to. ### Our team combines decades of legal experience with commercial understanding and practical local knowledge. Good outcomes start with the right people, each focused on helping you achieve the best possible result. If you’re facing a decision, a challenge, or simply want to get things set up properly, our team is ready to help. ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator ## Unsure who to contact? We'll point you in the right direction. Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Charities & Incorporated Societies](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies/) **Published:** February 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** PROPERTY LAW # Helping good causes stay strong, compliant and protected. ### Charities, clubs, community organisations and incorporated societies exist to serve a purpose. But behind that purpose sits a legal structure that needs to work properly. At Canterbury Legal, we help charities and incorporated societies establish sound legal foundations, meet their ongoing obligations and deal with governance or organisational issues before they become bigger problems. ## Good governance supports good work. Governance, constitutions, officer responsibilities, financial reporting and regulatory compliance can all affect how effectively an organisation operates and how well the people involved are protected. ## Our charities & incorporated societies services include... Incorporated society governance & compliance **Clear rules. Good governance. Fewer surprises.** We advise incorporated societies on their obligations under the Incorporated Societies Act 2022, including governance structures, officer responsibilities, member processes and ongoing compliance requirements. [**→ Get governance advice**](/contact-us) Constitutions & rule reviews **Your constitution should support the organisation you are today.** We prepare, review and update constitutions to ensure they reflect current legislation, governance requirements and the practical way your organisation operates. This can include rules covering membership, committee powers, decision-making, disputes, conflicts of interest and the use of surplus assets. [**→ Review your constitution**](/contact-us) Establishing new societies & organisations **Get the structure right from the beginning.** We assist groups establishing new incorporated societies and other community organisations, including advising on structure, preparing governing documents and guiding registration requirements. [**→ Setup your organisation properly**](/contact-us) Charities & charitable organisations **Purpose and compliance need to work together.** We assist charitable organisations with governance structures, constitutional requirements, charitable purposes and legal issues affecting their operation. Where appropriate, we can also advise on the relationship between charitable status, incorporated society structures and charitable trusts. [**→ Talk to a charities lawyer**](/contact-us) Governance, officers & committees **Good intentions still need good process.** Committee members and officers have important responsibilities. We advise on governance duties, officer eligibility, conflicts of interest, decision-making processes, delegations, member rights and the practical operation of committees and boards. [**→ Strengthen your governance**](/contact-us) Meetings, member disputes & constitutional issues **When disagreement arises, process matters.** We assist societies dealing with contested meetings, membership issues, disputed decisions, constitutional interpretation and internal governance disputes. Early advice can often help prevent an internal issue from escalating into a much larger legal problem. [**→ Get advice early**](.contact-us) Restructuring, winding up & restoration **Sometimes the right next step is a different structure.** We advise societies considering restructuring, amalgamation, winding up or alternative organisational structures. If an incorporated society was removed from the register after failing to re-register under the Incorporated Societies Act 2022, we can also advise on possible restoration and the steps required to operate under the current legislation. [**→ Discuss your options**](.contact-us) ![CLawsoc.jpeg](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CLawsoc.jpeg) ## Why governance structure matters. An incorporated society separates the organisation from the individuals involved in running it. That protection works best when the organisation itself is properly governed. Poorly drafted rules, unclear authority or inadequate processes can create problems around: - Committee decision-making - Member rights and disputes - Officer responsibilities - Conflicts of interest - Contracts and financial commitments - Ownership and management of assets - Regulatory compliance - Changes in leadership - Winding up or restructuring The Incorporated Societies Act 2022 introduced a more modern governance and accountability framework for New Zealand societies. For committees and officers, the focus has therefore shifted from simply completing re-registration to maintaining good governance and ongoing compliance. ## Already registered under the Incorporated Societies Act 2022? The re-registration transition period ended on 5 April 2026. For societies now registered under the Incorporated Societies Act 2022, the focus is ongoing compliance. That may include maintaining an appropriate constitution, keeping officer and society information current, completing annual obligations, following proper governance processes and addressing conflicts or disputes when they arise. If your society did not re-register and was removed from the register, restoration may be available depending on your circumstances. Canterbury Legal can help you understand your current position and the practical steps required. ![Screenshot 2025 08 04 at 4.34.03 am.png](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Screenshot-2025-08-04-at-4.34.03-am.png "Screenshot 2025 08 04 at 4.34.03 am.png") ## Who we assist. We work with a wide range of community and membership organisations, including: - Incorporated societies - Registered charities - Sports and recreation clubs - Community organisations - Cultural and membership groups - Residents’ associations - Professional and industry associations - Religious and charitable organisations - Social and special-interest clubs Whether your organisation is run largely by volunteers or has professional management, the legal framework should make governance easier, not harder. ## How we approach organisations. We start by understanding how the organisation actually works. That includes looking at: - Its purpose and activities - Its current legal structure - Its constitution or governing rules - How decisions are made - The roles and responsibilities of officers - Membership arrangements - Property and financial commitments - Potential areas of governance or compliance risk From there, we provide practical advice designed to keep the organisation compliant while allowing its people to focus on what the organisation exists to do. ## Frequently asked questions. Does our incorporated society still need to re-register? The transition period for existing societies ended on 5 April 2026. Societies that successfully re-registered are now governed by the Incorporated Societies Act 2022. A society that did not re-register may have been removed from the Incorporated Societies Register. Depending on the circumstances, it may be possible to apply for restoration. Do we need to update our constitution again after re-registration? Not necessarily, but your constitution should continue to reflect the way your organisation operates and remain compliant with current law. Changes to governance, membership, activities or organisational structure can all justify a review. What responsibilities do committee members and officers have? Officers have governance responsibilities under the Incorporated Societies Act 2022, including duties relating to acting in good faith, exercising appropriate care and managing conflicts of interest. Good processes and clear constitutional rules help committees meet those obligations. What happens if our committee does not follow the constitution? Decisions made without following required procedures can create disputes and may sometimes be challenged. The appropriate response depends on the constitution, the nature of the decision and the circumstances involved. Early legal advice can often prevent the issue from escalating. Can an incorporated society also be a registered charity? Yes. An organisation may be both an incorporated society and a registered charity. However, incorporation and charitable registration are separate legal and regulatory frameworks, and the organisation may have obligations under both. Can we change our organisation's structure? Yes. Depending on the organisation’s purpose and circumstances, options may include restructuring, amalgamation, changing governance arrangements or winding up. The legal, financial and charitable implications should be considered before making significant structural changes. Talk to a charity & societies lawyer## Strong organisations start with sound foundations. Whether you are establishing an organisation, reviewing governance, updating a constitution or dealing with a difficult issue, clear advice early can protect both the organisation and the people responsible for running it. **Talk to Canterbury Legal about your charity, club or incorporated society.** ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (CHARITIES & SOCIEITIES) Contact Name Society Name Email Phone Number What can we help with? Governance or compliance Constitution review or update Establishing a new organisation Charity or society structure Committee or member dispute Restoration after removal from the register Restructuring or winding up Something else Message SUBMIT --- ### [Dispute Resolution & Litigation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) **Published:** February 12, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** LITIGATION & DISPUTES # When a dispute hits, we move quickly and strategically. ### Not all disputes require litigation. But all disputes require clarity. At Canterbury Legal, we approach disputes with measured strategy. Our focus is resolution, risk management and protection of position. ## Our Litigation & Disputes legal services include... Civil & commercial disputes Contractual disputes, property conflicts and commercial disagreements require structured negotiation and, where necessary, litigation. **[→ Resolve a Dispute](/contact-us)** Personal & commercial insolvency Financial distress creates urgency. We advise on insolvency options, director obligations and recovery pathways with strategic clarity. [**→ Protect your position**](/contact-us) Debt recovery Recovery requires enforceable structure. We assist with demand processes, enforcement steps and recovery strategy aligned to commercial realities. [**→ Strengthen recovery action**](/contact-us) Insurance disputes Insurance matters demand technical precision. We represent policyholders in disputes to ensure entitlements are properly assessed and pursued. [**→ Resolve your claim**](/contact-us) Estate & trust disputes Disputes involving estates and trusts require careful handling. We assist beneficiaries, trustees and executors in resolving contested matters with structured advice. [**→ Protect estate interests**](/contact-us) Construction & building disputes Construction disputes often involve complex contractual chains. We advise on defect claims, payment disputes and contractual enforcement. [**→ Address construction risk**](/contact-us) Shareholder & business owner disputes When business relationships fracture, structure becomes critical. We represent shareholders and directors in disputes involving governance, entitlements and exit rights. [**→ Resolve business disputes**](/contact-us) ![mid section of businessman s hands on office desk 2026 01 09 11 38 26 utc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/mid-section-of-businessman-s-hands-on-office-desk-2026-01-09-11-38-26-utc-rj1jcpcitcto4onhpk1t2tgk34dfnb77l8fecy6ams.jpg "mid section of businessman s hands on office desk 2026 01 09 11 38 26 utc") ## How we can assist. The right structure can prevent disputes, reduce liability and protect personal assets. ###### Establishing and restructuring business entities ###### Managing director duties and risk exposure ###### Negotiating commercial contracts ###### Protecting against credit and trading risk ###### Structuring business acquisitions and exits ## How we work. Our objective is clarity, not confrontation. We assess: - The strength of legal entitlement - The commercial cost of escalation - The practical pathway to resolution - The impact on long-term interests ## Frequently asked questions. Do all disputes go to court? No. Many disputes are resolved through negotiation or mediation. Litigation is usually a last resort when resolution cannot be achieved otherwise. How early should I seek advice in a dispute? As early as possible. Early assessment can clarify entitlement strength and prevent positions from hardening unnecessarily. What is the typical timeline for civil litigation? Timelines vary depending on complexity and court availability. Some matters resolve within months, while others may take longer if defended fully. Can shareholder disputes be resolved without litigation? Often yes. Structured negotiation or mediation can produce practical solutions without prolonged court proceedings. What happens if a debtor refuses to pay? Enforcement options may include statutory demands, court proceedings or insolvency action, depending on the amount owed and commercial context. How are legal costs handled in litigation? Costs are usually awarded to the successful party on a partial recovery basis, but recovery rarely covers all legal expenses. Talk to a litigation lawyer## Smart, strategic representation when it matters most. If you are facing a dispute, early strategic advice can materially affect the outcome. Speak with our team before positions harden. ### Get dispute advice. Contact Form (#10) Contact Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Our Legal Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-services-2/) **Published:** February 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** OUR SERVICES # Expertise. ### Clear, practical legal advice for life, property and business. Whether you’re protecting your family, buying or selling property, running a business, or managing a dispute, our team works alongside you to deliver clear outcomes with confidence. # How can we help you? #### [ For you & your family ](/personal-law/) Plan ahead, protect your family and navigate life's changes with confidence. Wills & estates · Trusts · EPAs · Relationship property [ Explore Personal Law ](/personal-law/)[](/personal-law/) #### [ For your property & investments ](/property-law/) Clear legal guidance from your first home to complex property and development projects. Buying & selling · Commercial property · Development · Construction [ Explore Property Law ](/property-law/)[](/property-law/) #### [ For your business & organisation ](http://business-commercial-law/) Commercial advice that helps you manage risk, protect what you've built and keep moving forward. Structuring · Contracts · Transactions · Finance · Governance [ Explore Business Law ](http://business-commercial-law/)[](http://business-commercial-law/) #### [ When there's a dispute ](http://dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) Strategic advice to protect your position, resolve disputes efficiently and act decisively when required. Commercial · Property · Insolvency · Estate · Construction disputes [ Explore Dispute Resolution Services ](http://dispute-resolution-litigation-2/)[ ](http://dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) ## We're right here when you need us. Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Notify Name Email Phone Number Message Submit Talk to us# A conversation now can save you a lot of stress later. Facing a legal decision—or simply want clarity before taking the next step? A short conversation now can save time, stress, and cost later. #### Talk to a lawyer. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [About Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) **Published:** August 2, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ABOUT US # We're in your corner. ### We help clients move forward with confidence, protecting what matters, reducing risk, and resolving issues decisively. With more than 30 years of experience across property, commercial, litigation, dispute resolution and personal matters, we combine Canterbury resilience with national capability. When one door closes, we look for another way in. ## Straight answers. ​ ## Smart strategy. ## Real advocacy.​ ## Why do clients choose Canterbury Legal? ##### Over 30 years of legal experience in Canterbury. ##### Clear, practical advice focused on outcomes. ##### Strategic thinking grounded in commercial reality. ##### Lawyers who are responsive, decisive, and accountable. ## Having Canterbury Legal in your corner means... ## straight talk. ## Questions we're often asked... ## What areas of law does Canterbury Legal specialise in? Canterbury Legal advises on business and commercial law, property and developments, personal matters including wills and trusts, and litigation and dispute resolution. ## Does Canterbury Legal act for businesses and individuals? Yes. The firm advises individuals, families, SMEs, developers, trustees, and organisations across a broad range of legal matters. ## Is Canterbury Legal only based in Christchurch? The firm is based in Christchurch but works with clients throughout Canterbury and across New Zealand. LET'S CONNECT# Ready to move forward? If you’re facing a legal decision and want clarity before taking the next step, talk to us. #### Talk to a lawyer. Contact Form (#10) Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Contact Christchurch Lawyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-christchurch-lawyers/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** LeT'S TALK# Contact Canterbury Legal. When you need legal clarity, you don’t need a runaround. We’ll cut through the noise and help you move forward with confidence. [ +64 3 377 0792 ](tel:18408412569)[](tel:18408412569) [](mailto:admin@canterburylegal.co.nz)admin@canterburylegal.co.nz Canterbury Legal BuildingLevel 2, Durham Street SouthChristchurch Central 8011 ### Tell us what you need and we’ll take it from here. Contact Form (#10) Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Message Submit ## Visit our Christchurch office. **Parking:** Nearby public car parks and on-street metered spaces are close to our office. **Public transport:** 5-minute walk to the Bus Interchange. **Wheelchair access:** For the most accessible entry route, please call ahead and our team will help ensure you can enter the building comfortably . ## Frequently Asked Questions ##### How quickly will you respond to my enquiry? When you contact our Chritchurch Lawyers, we aim to respond as quickly as possible within business hours. If your matter is urgent, the fastest option is to call our office on [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792). ##### Do you offer fixed fees? Once we understand what you need, we’ll explain your options and likely costs before you commit. ##### Do you work with clients outside Christchurch? Yes. Our Christchurch Lawyers regularly help clients across Canterbury, throughout New Zealand and internationally via phone, email, and video consultation where appropriate. ##### What should I bring to my first appointment? Any relevant documents (agreements, letters, emails, titles, policies), a brief timeline of what’s happened, and your key questions or outcomes. If you’re unsure, we’ll tell you what’s useful after your initial enquiry. ##### Is my enquiry confidential? Yes. Your enquiry is treated confidentially. If you’re concerned about sharing details online, provide a high-level summary and we can take specifics by phone. --- ### [Estate Planning Consultation -New Layout](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estate-planning-consultation-new-layout/) **Published:** August 17, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** Personal Law # Clear advice. Calm strategy. Long-term protection. #### Life changes. Families change. Priorities change. The right legal advice and structures can help protect you, your family and what you've built when they do. Canterbury Legal provides practical advice across wills and estates, family trusts and asset protection, enduring powers of attorney, relationship property and separation. [TALK TO OURPERSONAL LAW TEAM](#) [EXPLORE OURSERVICES](/our-team-4/) ##### CLEAR & PRACTICAL ADVICE ##### CHRISTCHURCH-BASED TEAM ##### 30+ YEARS HELPING FAMILIES ## How can we help you? Personal legal needs don’t always fit neatly into one category. Start with what you’re trying to achieve. #### [ Plan for the future ](/contact) Put the right arrangements in place for yourself and the people who matter. **Wills · Estate planning · Enduring Powers of Attorney** [ Explore planning ahead ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ Protect what you've built ](/contact) Put appropriate structures around your assets, family interests and future plans. **Family trusts · Asset protection · Succession planning** [ Explore asset protection ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ Relationships & separation ](/contact) Understand your rights, protect your position and make clear arrangements around relationship property. **Contracting out agreements · Relationship property · Separation** [ Explore relationship property ](/contact)[](/contact) #### [ When someone dies ](/contact) Get clear, practical guidance through the legal responsibilities that follow a death. **Probate · Estate administration · Wills · Trust and estate issues** [ Explore estate administration ](/contact)[](/contact) # A Will is important. *A plan is better.* Your estate plan is about more than who gets what. Property, relationships, children, businesses and family trusts all interact. A change in one area can quietly undo an intention in another — a jointly owned home, a trust set up years ago, a new relationship, a business someone else depends on. That’s why a Will is often only one component of effective estate planning. The rest is making sure everything around it lines up. [ ](#ancor_id) Planning ahead## Build the right plan around your life. #### [ Wills ](/) Make your wishes clear and ensure the people and things that matter are properly provided for. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Estate planning & administration ](/) Plan ahead with confidence or get practical guidance when administering an estate. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Enduring Powers of Attorney ](/) Choose who can make important personal and financial decisions if you're unable to. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Family trusts & asset protection ](/) Establish, review and manage structures designed to protect family assets and support succession. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Relationship property & separation ](/) Understand your rights and put clear arrangements around assets and property. [ Read More ](/)[](/) #### [ Relationship property disputes ](/) Strategic advice when agreement can't be reached and your interests need protecting. [ Read More ](/)[ ](/) ## When did you last review your Will? *A lot can change in five years...* Bought property| If your life has changed, your estate plan may need to change with it. [BOOK AN ESTATE PLANNING REVIEW](#) ![taking a look at our financial options 2026 01 09 09 49 58 utc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/taking-a-look-at-our-financial-options-2026-01-09-09-49-58-utc-1-1024x903.jpg) ## What our clients say. The Canterbury Legal team took care of all our requirements making sure everything was in place correctly. They were great to deal with and fast to respond with advise and answers to all our questions. #### Represent Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. John Doe Designer Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. John Doe Designer Estate administration & probate# When someone has died. Clear guidance at a difficult time. Dealing with legal responsibilities while dealing with the loss of someone close can feel overwhelming. You don’t need to understand the process before talking to us. Our role is to establish what needs to happen and guide you through it. [TALK TO US ABOUT AN ESTATE](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) ##### - Probate applications ##### - Letters of administration ##### - Executor responsibilities ##### - Identifying and collecting estate assets ##### - Estate liabilities ##### - Communication with beneficiaries ##### - Estate distribution ##### - Estate and trust disputes where required ## You don't need to know what happens next. That's our job. 01 #### Talk to us Tell us what's happened and what you know. 02 #### We establish what's required We review the releveant details and consider your circumstances. 03 #### We handle the legal process Our experienced team has decades od experience, so you can rest assured you're in the right hands. 04 #### We keep you informed Clear updates and practical guidance through to completion. ## Questions we're often asked. *Answers here are general information, not legal advice.* ##### Planning ahead How often should I update my Will? A useful habit is to review your Will every few years, and whenever something significant changes — buying or selling property, marriage, separation, children, a new relationship, starting a business, or setting up or winding up a trust. We can tell you quickly whether your current Will still does what you want it to. What happens if I die without a Will in New Zealand? Your estate is distributed according to the rules set out in New Zealand law rather than your wishes, and someone must apply to the court to be appointed to administer it. That usually takes longer, costs more and gives your family less control. Do I need a lawyer to make a Will? A Will must meet formal legal requirements to be valid, and small mistakes can make it ineffective or open to challenge. A lawyer also looks at how your Will interacts with jointly owned property, trusts, relationship property and business interests — which is where most problems arise. Should my estate plan include a family trust? A Will must meet formal legal requirements to be valid, and small mistakes can make it ineffective or open to challenge. A lawyer also looks at how your Will interacts with jointly owned property, trusts, relationship property and business interests — which is where most problems arise. What is an Enduring Power of Attorney? An Enduring Power of Attorney lets you choose who can make decisions about your property or your personal care and welfare if you become unable to make them yourself. Putting them in place while you are well avoids a much harder process later. What happens to jointly owned property when someone dies? It depends on how the property is owned. Ownership structure can override what a Will says, which is why property and Wills need to be looked at together. We can check the title and explain what actually happens in your case. ##### When someone has died What is probate? Probate is the High Court’s confirmation that a Will is valid and that the executor named in it has authority to deal with the estate. Banks and other institutions often need it before they will release assets. When is probate required in New Zealand? It generally depends on what the estate holds and the value of individual assets — for example, property held in the deceased’s sole name or accounts above an institution’s threshold. Tell us what the estate contains and we will confirm whether probate is needed. How long does probate take? Timeframes vary with the estate, the court’s workload and how quickly information can be gathered. We will give you a realistic expectation for your situation once we know what is involved. What does an executor have to do? In broad terms: establish what the estate holds and what it owes, protect and collect assets, deal with liabilities, keep beneficiaries informed and distribute the estate correctly. You do not have to know how to do any of that before you call us. What happens if there is no Will? Someone — usually a close family member — applies for letters of administration, and the estate is distributed under the rules set out in New Zealand law. We can explain who is entitled to apply and what happens next. Can a Will be challenged? Yes, in certain circumstances and within set timeframes. Whether a claim is likely to succeed depends heavily on the facts. If you are concerned about a claim — or facing one — talk to us early. ## Whatever stage you’re at, start with a conversation. Whether you’re planning ahead, updating an existing Will or dealing with an estate, our team can help you understand what needs to happen next. [TALK TO AN ESTATE LAWYER](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) **[+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792)** Not sure exactly what you need? That’s fine. Tell us what’s happening and we’ll point you in the right direction. Contact Form (#10) Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Elementor #4840](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/elementor-4840/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** Self-service: Who is responsible when technology goes wrong? AUGUST 2026 EDITION [News](http://www.sliderrevolution.com/blog/) [About](http://www.sliderrevolution.com/examples/) [Contact](http://account.sliderrevolution.com/portal/pricing/) [Home](http://www.sliderrevolution.com/) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() --- ### [Business & Commercial Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/business-commercial-law/) **Published:** February 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** BUSINESS & COMMERCIAL LAW # Legal support for business owners that want to move faster. ### Our team combines decades of legal experience with commercial understanding and practical local knowledge. Since 1991, Canterbury Legal has delivered clear, commercially smart legal advice to individuals, families, and businesses across Christchurch and throughout New Zealand. ## Clear structure. ## Decisive advice. ## Commercial certainty. ## Businesses rarely fail because of a single contract clause. They encounter risk when ownership structures, liability exposure or shareholder arrangements are not properly aligned. Asset protection & business structuring Your business structure should reflect risk and growth plans. We advise on company structures, shareholder arrangements and asset separation strategies to minimise exposure. **[→ ](/contact-us)[Get Commercial Advice](/contact-us)** Finance, securities & guarantees Personal guarantees and security interests create real exposure. We provide clear advice on lending structures, PPSR implications and enforcement risk before commitments are signed. [**→ Understand your risk**](/contact-us) Terms of trade & trading protection Trading without strong terms increases vulnerability. We draft and review terms of trade designed to strengthen enforceability, limit liability and improve recovery options. [**→ Strengthen your trading position**](/contact-us) Commercial contracts & negotiation Risk allocation matters. We assist in drafting and negotiating agreements that clearly define rights, obligations and exit mechanisms. [**→ Negotiate with clarity**](/contact-us) Sale & purchase of businesses Buying or selling a business requires precision. We advise on due diligence, warranties, restraints, lease arrangements and transaction structuring to protect your commercial outcome. [**→ Structure your transaction properly**](/contact-us) ![entrepreneurs discussing agreement 2026 01 08 00 08 36 utc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/entrepreneurs-discussing-agreement-2026-01-08-00-08-36-utc-rixllt6webcj28w10sx1rikas3vu5r2g099w0saa1g.jpg "entrepreneurs discussing agreement 2026 01 08 00 08 36 utc") ## Our commercial approach. We advise with commercial awareness and strategic perspective. ###### Ownership alignment. ###### Liability containment. ###### Clear governance. ###### Practical enforceability. ## How we work. Strategic commercial advice. We assist clients in: - Establishing and restructuring business entities - Managing director duties and risk exposure - Negotiating commercial contracts - Protecting against credit and trading risk - Structuring business acquisitions and exits The right structure can prevent disputes, reduce liability and protect personal assets. ## Frequently asked questions. When should I review my business structure? Structures should be reviewed when bringing in new shareholders, acquiring assets, increasing debt exposure or planning an exit. What are the risks of signing a personal guarantee? A personal guarantee can expose personal assets if the business cannot meet its obligations. Guarantees should always be reviewed before signing. Do small businesses need formal shareholder agreements? Yes. Clear agreements reduce disputes by setting expectations around governance, decision-making and exit rights. Are terms of trade really enforceable? Well-drafted terms can significantly strengthen recovery rights and limit liability. However, enforceability depends on proper implementation and acceptance. What is involved in buying a business? A business purchase typically involves due diligence, review of financial performance, lease arrangements, warranties, employee obligations and transaction structuring. Should I obtain legal advice before signing a commercial contract? Yes. Once signed, obligations become binding. Early advice helps identify risk allocation, termination exposure and liability caps. Talk to a commercial lawyer## Better contracts. ## Better protection. ## Better outcomes. If you are entering a transaction, restructuring or managing risk, early advice reduces uncertainty. ### Book a commercial consult. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Expert Lawyers in Christchurch New Zealand - Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-team/) **Published:** January 29, 2021 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** ABOUT US # Experience where it counts. People you can talk to. ### Our team combines decades of legal experience with commercial understanding and practical local knowledge. Good outcomes start with the right people, each focused on helping you achieve the best possible result. If you’re facing a decision, a challenge, or simply want to get things set up properly, our team is ready to help. ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator ## Unsure who to contact? We'll point you in the right direction. Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) ### Send enquiry. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Estate Planning Consultation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estate-planning-consultation/) **Published:** August 17, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** # Estate planning advice for Canterbury families Get clear, practical legal advice on wills, enduring powers of attorney and estate planning. ## What we can help with - Creating or updating a will - Enduring powers of attorney - Estate planning and administration ## Request a consultation Please include the service you need help with, whether you need advice within the next 30 days, and the best time for reception to call you. Contact Form (#10) Updates Name Email Phone Number Message Submit Reception monitors new enquiries Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 5:00pm. --- ### [Privacy Policy](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-policy/) **Published:** August 27, 2020 **Author:** **Content:** # Privacy policy **Effective date:** 10 July 2026 **Canterbury Legal is committed to protecting your privacy and handling your personal information with care, professionalism and respect.** **This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, use, store and protect personal information when you contact us, use our website, subscribe to our newsletter, download a resource, complete an enquiry form, or become a client of the firm.** ## 1. Who we are Canterbury Legal is a Christchurch-based law firm providing legal services to individuals, families, businesses, property owners, trustees and organisations. In this policy, “Canterbury Legal”, “we”, “us” and “our” refers to Canterbury Legal Limited and its related people, directors, employees and contractors. ## 2. What personal information we collect We may collect personal information such as: - your name; - contact details, including email address, phone number and postal address; - information you provide through our website, forms, emails, phone calls or meetings; - details about your legal matter or enquiry; - identity verification information; - billing and payment information; - information needed to meet our legal and professional obligations; - website usage information, including cookies, analytics and advertising data. We only collect information where it is reasonably necessary for our work, our relationship with you, or our legal obligations. ## 3. How we collect information We may collect personal information when you: - contact us by phone, email, website form or in person; - become a client of Canterbury Legal; - subscribe to LegalChat or another update from us; - download a guide, checklist or resource; - attend an event or webinar; - respond to advertising or marketing campaigns; - use our website; - interact with us on social media. We may also collect information from third parties where appropriate, including agents, brokers, accountants, government agencies, courts, other lawyers, referrers, publicly available sources, and verification providers. ## 4. Why we collect and use personal information We may use your personal information to: - respond to your enquiry; - assess whether we can assist you; - provide legal services; - manage client files; - verify identity and meet anti-money laundering or other compliance requirements; - communicate with you; - send invoices and process payments; - manage conflicts of interest; - comply with legal, regulatory and professional obligations; - improve our website, services and client communications; - send newsletters, updates or marketing where permitted; - measure the effectiveness of our campaigns and website. Providing information to us through an enquiry form does not automatically create a solicitor-client relationship. However, we will still treat information you provide with appropriate care and confidentiality. ## 5. Legal services and confidentiality When we act for you, information relating to your matter may be subject to professional duties of confidentiality and legal professional privilege. We handle client information in accordance with our obligations as a New Zealand law firm, including our professional duties under the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act 2006 and the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act (Lawyers: Conduct and Client Care) Rules 2008. ## 6. Marketing communications If you subscribe to LegalChat, download a resource, complete an enquiry form, or otherwise opt in to receive updates, we may send you legal updates, newsletters, invitations or other communications. You can unsubscribe from marketing emails at any time by using the unsubscribe link in the email or by contacting us directly. We will not sell your personal information to third parties. ## 7. Website cookies and analytics Our website may use cookies and similar technologies to improve functionality, understand visitor behaviour, measure website performance and support advertising. We may use tools such as Google Analytics 4, Google Ads conversion tracking, Meta Pixel, Google Search Console, website forms and other analytics or marketing tools. These tools may collect information such as: - pages visited; - time spent on the website; - referral source; - device and browser information; - approximate location; - interactions with forms, buttons or advertisements. You can disable cookies through your browser settings, although some website features may not work as intended. ## 8. Google Ads, remarketing and campaign tracking We may use online advertising platforms, including Google Ads and Meta, to promote our services and measure campaign performance. This may involve cookies, pixels or conversion tracking that helps us understand whether someone who saw or clicked an advertisement later contacted us, submitted a form, called our office, or visited a relevant page on our website. Where possible, we use aggregated or de-identified reporting. We do not use advertising tools to access the content of your legal enquiry. ## 9. Third-party providers We use trusted third-party providers to help operate our business and provide our services. These may include providers of: - legal practice management software; - email and document storage; - website hosting; - website security; - analytics and advertising tools; - payment and accounting systems; - identity verification; - email marketing; - IT support. Examples may include OneLaw, Microsoft 365, Google, Cloudflare, website hosting providers, email marketing platforms and accounting software. These providers may store or process information on our behalf. We take reasonable steps to ensure they handle information securely and appropriately. ## 10. Overseas storage and disclosure Some of our technology providers may store or process information outside New Zealand. This may include cloud-based systems used for email, document storage, analytics, website security, hosting, advertising or software support. Where personal information is disclosed or stored overseas, we take reasonable steps to ensure appropriate privacy safeguards are in place, consistent with the Privacy Act 2020. ## 11. How we protect personal information We take reasonable steps to protect personal information from loss, unauthorised access, misuse, disclosure, alteration or destruction. This may include: - secure practice management systems; - password protection and access controls; - secure email and cloud services; - website security tools; - staff confidentiality obligations; - file management procedures; - regular review of security practices. No method of electronic transmission or storage is completely secure, but we take privacy and confidentiality seriously. ## 12. How long we keep information We keep personal information for as long as reasonably necessary for the purpose it was collected, including to provide legal services, maintain client records, comply with legal and professional obligations, resolve disputes, and manage our business. Client files may be retained for a period required by law, professional standards or our internal policies. When information is no longer required, we may securely delete, destroy or anonymise it. ## 13. Accessing and correcting your information You have the right to request access to personal information we hold about you and to ask for it to be corrected if it is wrong or incomplete. To make a request, please contact us using the details below. We may need to verify your identity before responding. In some circumstances, we may be unable to provide access to certain information, for example where legal privilege, confidentiality obligations or other legal restrictions apply. ## 14. Privacy breaches If we become aware of a privacy breach that has caused, or is likely to cause, serious harm, we will take appropriate steps in accordance with the Privacy Act 2020. This may include notifying affected individuals and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner where required. ## 15. Links to other websites Our website may contain links to other websites. We are not responsible for the privacy practices or content of external websites. We encourage you to review the privacy policies of any external sites you visit. ## 16. Contacting us If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, wish to access or correct your personal information, or want to raise a privacy concern, please contact: **Canterbury Legal** Post: PO Box 22 115, Christchurch 8140 Phone: 03 377 0792 Email: admin@canterburylegal.co.nz You may also contact the Office of the Privacy Commissioner if you are not satisfied with our response. ## 17. Changes to this policy We may update this Privacy Policy from time to time. The latest version will be published on our website with the effective date shown above. --- ### [Thank you for contacting us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/thank-you/) **Published:** April 27, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** # Thank you for contacting us. We'll respond to your enquiry promptly ## We're in your corner. Since 1991, Canterbury Legal has delivered clear, commercially smart legal advice to individuals, families, and businesses across Christchurch and throughout New Zealand. We help clients move forward with confidence u2014 protecting what matters, reducing risk, and resolving issues decisively. **Straight answers. Smart strategy. Real advocacy.** --- ### [Business Lawyers Christchurch New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/small-business-legal-advice/) **Published:** July 27, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Expert Litigation & Dispute Resolution Services in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-old/) **Published:** January 14, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** There is nothing worse than that realising that you are in the middle of a dispute, conflict or stalemate situation without knowing how you got there, or without knowing where you should head next. [Our experienced team](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-people/) share a common view. We believe that prevention is better than a cure, but that once a cure is required you need experience, knowledge, pragmatism and a commitment to seeing your dispute resolved quickly and effectively. We have experience in resolving disputes via all channels – mediation, arbitration, negotiation, [Family Court](https://www.justice.govt.nz/family/family-court/ "Family Court"), District Court, High Court, and Appellant Courts. We offer numerous services in the area of Dispute Resolution and Litigation, including: - Arbitration and mediation - Contractual disputes - Debt recovery - Disputes concerning construction or the sale of land - Claims in respect of Wills and Estates, including Family Protection and Testamentary Promises Claims - Grievances - Insurance claims - Bankruptcy, receiverships and liquidations - Neighbourhood Disputes - Disputes between trustees and/or beneficiaries ![Litigation and Dispute Resolution Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Litigation-and-Dispute-Resolution-Canterbury-Legal-1024x683.webp)Litigation and Dispute Resolution Canterbury LegalWe also believe that you should look to identify and avoid conflict as your circumstances change. Our advice is not limited to resolving your dispute. We work with you to identify how your dispute arose, and what you can do to prevent it from occurring again or how your changing circumstances might effect you. --- ### [Christchurch Property Lawyers & Conveyancing New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/christchurch-property-lawyers/) **Published:** December 5, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Commercial Property Developments & Subdivisions](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-property-developments-subdivisions/) **Published:** January 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Clive Cousins founded our firm in 1991 to take advantage of his experience in Commercial Property and Subdivisions. He had previously advised publicly listed property companies and private developers and acted on major commercial property developments in Christchurch, Auckland and other areas of New Zealand. In Christchurch he had been involved with and acted on the landmark inner city Farmers retail site and the 21 floor Price Waterhouse Centre as well as many other large inner city commercial building developments. Clive continued to act in relation to the extensive Balmoral Hill subdivision in Redcliffs amongst many others. With Clive’s guidance [Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) prospered in its involvement with commercial developments and acted on a large portfolio including the Gloucester, Edward Fitzgerald and St Marys Apartment complexes, high rise buildings in both Cranmer and Latimer Squares through the 1990’s and in to the millennium. **Post Millennium** Come the 21st century and Canterbury Legal is acting and advising on major subdivisions in Ohau, St Arnaud, Te Anau, Gibbston Valley, Taipa Bay in the far North as well as local developments. Refurbishment of buildings in Queen Street, Auckland, inner city Christchurch and the Livingspace properties in Lichfield Street, Christchurch, Castle Street, Dunedin and Tay Street, Invercargill were all to the fore. With Canterbury Legal’s involvement, the former Inland Revenue building in Cashel Street was transformed in to Hotel So. We acted and advised in relation to the SOL Square multiplicity of buildings and land. Our office was relocated to be part of the complex. We were also involved with the redevelopment of the Spotlight Plaza in Colombo Street, Sydenham. **Experience** Our experience in commercial property transactions has provided us with the perfect tools and relationships to ensure you have the best advice you can get. We have seen it all and done it all – large scale residential subdivisions, multi storey unit titled apartment buildings; multi tenanted commercial properties and mixed use CBD precincts. If you can imagine it, we can help you build it and make it happen. --- ### [Society Registration Landing Page](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/re-register-society/) **Published:** March 2, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** # Re-register or risk losing your society. [The April 2026 Deadline Isn’t Optional. Every NZ Incorporated Society Must Re-register by 5 April 2026. But it's more than submitting a piece of paper.](http://GET%20STARTED) Will you be held personally liable? Members could become personally liable for debts and other costs related to incorrect re-regisration. Sure you've got it right? You might assume your constitution or officer setup is fine — but many societies are already falling short under the new rules. ​ [Download the fixed-fee re-registration packages brochure](#) ### What happens if you don't re-register? ##### Your society is removed from the register ##### It ceases to exist as a legal entity ##### Assets may need to be distributed ##### Governance exposure increases for officers ##### Funding may be affected ![Screenshot 2026 02 04 at 4.01.23 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-4.01.23-pm.png) ### Steps you must complete first ##### 1. Rewrite your constitution ##### 2. Confirm officer eligibility ##### 3. Obtain member approval ##### 4. Pass compliant resolutions ##### 5. File correctly with the Registrar ### Miss one step and you risk delay or rejection. # Most societies under estimate what's involved. ![Screenshot 2026 03 02 at 8.34.51 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-02-at-8.34.51-am.png) [Download the fixed-fee re-registration packages brochure](#) # Get it done properly. On a fixed fee. ## No hourly billing. ## No ambiguity. ## No last-minute scrambling. ## Canterbury Legal offers structured re-registration packages that include: ### Constitution review and rewrite ### Mandatory clause insertion ### Member approval wording ### AGM resolution drafting ### Officer eligibility guidance ### Registrar filing support ## Why societies choose Canterbury Legal. Experienced with Incorporated Societies Act 2022 Clear fixed-fee structure Practical advice for volunteer committees Governance-focused, not just document drafting Local, accessible and responsive ## Frequently asked questions. "The deadline is still months away. Can't we wait?" Waiting increases risk. You must update your constitution, secure member approval, and align AGM timing. If meetings are missed or documentation is rejected, you reduce your margin for correction. "Can't we just use a template?" Templates do not account for your existing rules, governance structure, or risk profile. Incorrect or incomplete clauses can lead to rejection or future disputes. "We're a small society. Does this really apply to us?" Yes. The 2022 Act applies to all Incorporated Societies, regardless of size. "We'll try to do it ourselves first." Many societies who start themselves come to us later with urgent filing problems, rushed resolutions, or constitution gaps. Early guidance reduces stress and rework. "Is restoration possible if we're removed?" Restoration is significantly more complex and disruptive than compliant re-registration. Prevention is cheaper and safer. Talk to a commercial lawyer## Your society exists because people care about it. Don’t let administrative delay undo years of work. - Re-registration is mandatory - The process is technical - The deadline is fixed ## Download the re-registration packages brochure here. Contact Form (#10) Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message Submit --- ### [Legal Chat](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/elementor-6577/) **Published:** February 19, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ![Screenshot 2026 02 19 at 2.21.40 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-19-at-2.21.40-am-e1777275227919-1024x252.png) # Structuring for a shifting property cycle ### Commercial legal thinking for business owners and asset holders. ## Editor's Note **Welcome to the new look LegalChat.** We have reshaped LegalChat to become the central insights section of our website. Rather than occasional updates, it will now operate as a structured monthly briefing focused on the issues that matter most to business owners, property investors and asset holders. Each edition will centre on one key topic, supported by a property market update, a practical legal tip and relevant developments. The focus is simple: clear thinking, commercial awareness and early action. This month, we examine how joint ventures in property are structured and where they most commonly unravel. In a shifting property cycle, alignment on funding, decision-making and exit mechanisms is critical. We also provide a snapshot of current market conditions and a practical reminder around guarantee exposure. Law does not operate in isolation. It sits alongside funding decisions, market timing and governance. Our aim is to provide insight that helps you make better decisions before pressure builds. ## Feature Article ![](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Screenshot-2025-09-14-at-10.15.04-pm-300x150.png) - [News](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/news/) #### [NZ Probate Changes 2025: Why Having a Will Now Saves You Even More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) - 21 September 2025 - - Canterbury Legal [ Readmore ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) ## Feature Article ![work from home 1024x570 1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/work_from_home-1024x570-1.jpg) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/work_from_home-1024x570-1.jpg "Privacy Vs Productivity: Reviewing The Ethics Of Remote Work Monitoring") [Employment](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/employment/), [Uncategorised](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/uncategorised/) ##### [Privacy Vs Productivity: Reviewing The Ethics Of Remote Work Monitoring](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/) Published:16 December 2020Updated:15 May 2024[152Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/)[0Likes](# "Like")[0Comments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/#respond)[ByClive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/clive-cousins/)[Share](#)[Twitter-new*Twitter-new*](//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Privacy+Vs+Productivity%3A+Reviewing+The+Ethics+Of+Remote+Work+Monitoring&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fshould-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home%2F)[Facebook*Facebook*](//www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fshould-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home%2F)[Share-email*Share-email*](mailto:test@fwe.com?subject=Privacy%20Vs%20Productivity%3A%20Reviewing%20The%20Ethics%20Of%20Remote%20Work%20Monitoring&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fshould-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home%2F)[Copy URL to clipboard*Link*](# "Copy URL to clipboard") As technology advances and working situations change, the fictional world of 1984 becomes ever-more a reality. So what are the privacy considerations for employers and employees? [Read more](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/should-bosses-be-able-to-spy-on-workers-working-from-home/) ![Trusts Changes 1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Trusts-Changes-1.jpg) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Trusts-Changes-1.jpg "2021 Trust Reforms: What You Need to Know") [Uncategorised](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/uncategorised/) ##### [2021 Trust Reforms: What You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/) Published:16 December 2020Updated:25 July 2024[160Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/)[0Likes](# "Like")[0Comments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/#respond)[ByClive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/clive-cousins/)[Share](#)[Twitter-new*Twitter-new*](//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=2021+Trust+Reforms%3A+What+You+Need+to+Know&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fkey-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust%2F)[Facebook*Facebook*](//www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fkey-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust%2F)[Share-email*Share-email*](mailto:test@fwe.com?subject=2021%20Trust%20Reforms%3A%20What%20You%20Need%20to%20Know&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fkey-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust%2F)[Copy URL to clipboard*Link*](# "Copy URL to clipboard") The first major trust law reform in 70 years takes effect on 30 January 2021. If you have a family trust, here’s a round-up of the changes you need to… [Read more](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-changes-that-will-affect-your-family-trust/) ![Privacy Act](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Privacy_Act.jpg) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Privacy_Act.jpg "New Privacy Act Changes Now in Place") [Uncategorised](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/uncategorised/) ##### [New Privacy Act Changes Now in Place](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/) Published:14 December 2020Updated:3 May 2024[160Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/)[0Likes](# "Like")[0Comments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/#respond)[ByClive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/author/clive-cousins/)[Share](#)[Twitter-new*Twitter-new*](//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=New+Privacy+Act+Changes+Now+in+Place&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fprivacy-act-changes-now-in-place%2F)[Facebook*Facebook*](//www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fprivacy-act-changes-now-in-place%2F)[Share-email*Share-email*](mailto:test@fwe.com?subject=New%20Privacy%20Act%20Changes%20Now%20in%20Place&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterburylegal.co.nz%2Fprivacy-act-changes-now-in-place%2F)[Copy URL to clipboard*Link*](# "Copy URL to clipboard") Thanks to technology, privacy law is undergoing rapid change. The new Privacy Act aims to create greater privacy protection for individuals, and place new obligations on businesses. [Read more](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/privacy-act-changes-now-in-place/) - [ Your 2025 Guide to New Zealand Law Changes ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/your-2025-guide-to-new-zealand-law-changes/) - [ THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) - [ WHAT'S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) - [ MAJOR REFORMS: THE COMPANIES ACT OVERHAUL ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/companies-act/) - [ Property Watch - September 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-sept-25/) ![Screenshot 2026 02 19 at 2.21.40 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-19-at-2.21.40-am-e1777275227919.png) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/elementor-6577/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-19-at-2.21.40-am-e1777275227919.png "Legal Chat") - [capital gains](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/capital-gains/) - [contractors](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/contractors/) - [earthquake](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/earthquake/) - [employees](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/employees/) - [employment](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/employment/) - [eqc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/eqc/) - [family home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/family-home/) - [property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/property/) [ Litigation ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/litigation/) [ ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.03.48 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.03.48-am.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/)### [WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) [ ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.06.47 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.06.47-am.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/)### [THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) ##### Blog ## Our Article [ See All ](#) 1 May 2026 ## [ Navigating NZ’s New Pay Disclosure Laws: What Employers Must Know in 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/) New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/navigating-nzs-new-pay-disclosure-laws-what-employers-must-know-in-2025-2/) 27 April 2026 ## [ Building a Strong Foundation: Asset Protection Through Family Trusts ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) No matter what your financial worth it is important to have a… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-a-strong-foundation-asset-protection-through-family-trusts/) [ ![WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.03.48-am.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) 28 November 2025 ## [ WHAT’S AHEAD: INSOLVENCY TRENDS FOR 2026 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) [ ![THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.06.47-am.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) 28 November 2025 ## [ THE NUMBERS TELL THE STORY: INSOLVENCY IN 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) [ ![MAJOR REFORMS: THE COMPANIES ACT OVERHAUL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.05.34-am.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/companies-act/) 28 November 2025 ## [ MAJOR REFORMS: THE COMPANIES ACT OVERHAUL ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/companies-act/) New Zealand’s Employment Relations (Employee Remuneration Disclosure) Amendment Bill introduces major legal… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/companies-act/) [ ![Property Watch – November 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Screenshot-2025-10-25-at-5.16.36-pm.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-november-2025/) 28 November 2025 ## [ Property Watch – November 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-november-2025/) A fresh turn for Canterbury’s property Market The RBNZ has just cut… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-november-2025/) 25 October 2025 ## [ Property Watch – October 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-october-2025/) Good news for first-home buyers: affordability is finally improving After a few… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-october-2025/) 27 September 2025 ## [ Property Watch – September 2025 ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-sept-25/) Christchurch Property Market Surges Forward: Rates Drop to Historic Lows, Canterbury Buyers… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/property-watch-sept-25/) [ ![NZ Probate Changes 2025: Why Having a Will Now Saves You Even More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Screenshot-2025-09-14-at-10.15.04-pm.png) ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) 21 September 2025 ## [ NZ Probate Changes 2025: Why Having a Will Now Saves You Even More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) Discover how NZ’s new $40,000 probate threshold affects your estate planning and… [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/nz-probate-changes-2025-why-having-a-will-now-saves-you-even-more/) ## Join a Newsletter # Do You Need Legal Help? Don't be Shy, Let's Talk with Us Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. ### Phone (+62) 8989 7878 ### Address Jl. Raya Semarang No 4787 Indonesia ### Email kawan@email.com --- ### [Safeguarding Compliance: Law Firm Requirements in AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) **Published:** January 19, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** ## AML Compliance. #### New anti-money laundering regulations for law firms from 1 July From 1 July 2018, all New Zealand lawyers must comply with the [Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Act 2009 ]()(“AML/CFT”). This change requires us to collect and verify information about our clients. #### #### #### How does this change the impact on us and our clients? New Zealand law firms are now required to have systems in place to conduct customer due diligence (“CDD”) on both new and existing clients. This will include verifying their identity, address and in some cases source of wealth and source of funds. Lawyers will also be required to report any suspicious activity to the appropriate authority. Our Terms of Engagement have been updated to reflect this change. #### #### #### How does this affect new clients? From 1 July 2018, before we can start work for a new client we will need to obtain satisfactory evidence to complete CDD. This includes collecting and verifying identity, address and business structure information. What information is required will vary depending on whether the client is an individual, partnership, company, public entity, estate or trust. CDD will also include identifying any beneficial owner(s) and person(s) acting on behalf of a client. #### #### #### How does this affect existing clients? From 1 July 2018 we will also need to carry out CDD on existing clients, which will be done progressively. We will be in contact with existing clients to let them know when this will happen and what information will be required. We are required to do this even though we may have known and acted for you for some time, and even though we may have asked for some identity documentation before (as the new requirements are more extensive than what was previously required). In addition, where a new instruction from an existing client specifically involves an activity covered by the Act then we will be required to complete CDD before we can start work. If you require more information please [contact us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) to discuss. --- ### [Charities & Incorporated Societies Law New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies-3/) **Published:** January 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** [![Screenshot 2025 09 24 at 8.28.39 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Screenshot-2025-09-24-at-8.28.39-am-1024x617.png)](https://canterburylegal.info/)#### **Charity Work** Doing good deeds through Charities & Incorporated Societies can sometimes be a minefield if you don’t set up your systems properly. Creating an organisation for the benefit of others requires specialist knowledge and at Canterbury Legal we understand all the pitfalls that can lie in hiding for the unsuspecting. Canterbury Legal works with a number of charitable organisations to ensure they are compliant with their governing and reporting obligations, and provide peace of mind to those volunteers donating their time to help. #### **Charitable Trusts** - A charitable trust must have been formed for a charitable purpose to be eligible for registration. Charitable purposes are generally for the public benefit and include education, religious activities, recreational and leisure-time facilities and welfare relief from poverty; - Charitable trusts are administered by trustees. There must be at least two trustees who must act in accordance with the trust deed. - Trustees are not personally liable provided they comply with their legal requirements. They are accountable to the beneficiaries described in the trust deed; - Profits must be used for the charity and cannot be distributed to the trustees. A non-profit tax exemption may be available from Inland Revenue; - There are administrative advantages in the trustees incorporating as a charitable trust board as the board will hold trust assets and any liability attaches to the board rather than to the trustees; - Charitable trusts must be registered with Charities Services. #### **Incorporated Societies** - An Incorporated Society may have a charitable purpose and are generally formed to accommodate members of a common interest group. These include all sports, hobby groups and other community interests; - Incorporated Societies are governed by a Committee which is usually elected by their members in terms of their Rules. There must be at least 15 members; - Incorporation will provide limited liability to the members unless they are using the society for their own personal financial advantage; - An Incorporated Society operating in a number of places may establish branch societies; - On a winding up assets may be distributed amongst members if such is allowed by the Rules. If you need advice or assistance in either setting up a Charitable Trust or Incorporated Society or with compliance or governance of an existing body please call **Clive **to discuss your requirements. --- ### [INSOLVENCY LAW](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/insolvency-law/) **Published:** October 28, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** ![Screenshot 2026 02 04 at 2.44.52 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-2.44.52-pm.png) # Why Canterbury Legal? At Canterbury Legal, we understand that insolvency isn’t just about advisory work – when disputes arise, strong litigation capability makes the difference between recovering value and accepting losses. Our team combines deep local knowledge of the Canterbury and wider South Island commercial landscape with significant litigation experience, including international expertise in cross-border enforcement and complex creditor disputes. ![Screenshot 2026 02 04 at 3.59.13 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-3.59.13-pm-1024x323.png) ![Screenshot 2026 02 04 at 4.01.23 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-4.01.23-pm.png) ![Screenshot 2026 02 04 at 4.01.51 pm](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Screenshot-2026-02-04-at-4.01.51-pm.png) ## Expert team. Our team stays at the forefront of legislative changes, case law developments, and practical solutions that work in the real world of insolvency practice. ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8.webp "Grant Smith") #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director [Read more](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4.webp "Sydney Austin") #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation [Read more](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) ## The insolvency landscape is challenging, but with the right legal support, it can be navigated successfully. ### Rapid change New Zealand's insolvency law is experiencing its most significant period of change in over 30 years. The combination of legislative reform, rising insolvency numbers, and important case law developments creates both challenges and opportunities for those operating in this space. ### Direct Impact For insolvency practitioners, the extended claw-back periods and director identification systems will enhance recovery prospects. For directors and advisors, the changing landscape heightens the importance of early professional advice and proper documentation of decision-making. ### Solid Support At Canterbury Legal, we're committed to helping our clients navigate these changes with clarity and confidence. Insolvency is often a difficult process, but with strategic legal support and a clear understanding of the evolving legal framework, better outcomes are achievable. ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.06.47 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.06.47-am.png) #### What's behind the increase in insolvencies? The statistics are stark. 1,974 company liquidations – a significant increase, making it one of the busiest insolvency years since the Global Financial Crisis. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2025/11/28/the-numbers-tell-the-story-insolvency-in-2025/) ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.05.34 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.05.34-am.png) #### Major reforms explained Minister Andrew Bayly has announced the most comprehensive reform of New Zealand’s Companies Act in its 30-year history, with direct implications for insolvency practice. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2025/11/28/companies-act/) ![Screenshot 2025 11 28 at 6.03.48 am](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-28-at-6.03.48-am.png) #### What's ahead: Trends for 2026 As we look toward 2026, several trends are likely to shape the insolvency landscape: we cover off what this could mean for you. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/2025/11/28/whats-ahead-trends-for-2026/) --- ### [Society Re-registration](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/society-re-registration-self-assessment/) **Published:** November 11, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** [The April 2026 Deadline Isn’t Optional. Every NZ Incorporated Society Must Re-register by 5 April 2026. But it's more than submitting a piece of paper.](http://GET%20STARTED) Will you be held personally liable? Members could become personally liable for debts and other costs related to incorrect re-regisration. GET STARTED Sure you've got it right? You might assume your constitution or officer setup is fine — but many societies are already falling short under the new rules. ​ GET STARTED If your society isn’t re-registered correctly, you risk... ##### Deregistration Risk Non-compliance can see your society removed from the register. ##### Funding Impact Many grants and contracts require your society to be able to confirm its registration. ##### Officer Liability Non-compliant governance exposes office holders to personal risk. ##### Reputation Damage Failing to meet legal standards raises concerns as to the trustworthiness of your society. ## Get Your Society Ready With Fixed-Fee Compliance, Handled by Legal Experts. We help you to prepare a member-friendly summary of the new rules, FAQs and meeting scripts to assist members in fully understanding what is now required of your society ##### Can’t we do this ourselves? Mistakes cost more than prevention.… and most DIY attempts get delayed or rejected. ##### What if members don’t approve the new rules? We help prep a member-friendly summary, FAQs, and meeting scripts to ease approval. ##### We’re a small club — is this worth it? Absolutely. Losing your legal status could affect funding, tax, even your name. ##### We’re not ready yet Time is running out and it’s important that you act now to make sure your society is not deregistered. ![Screenshot 2025 08 04 at 4.34.03 am.png](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/Screenshot-2025-08-04-at-4.34.03-am-rdu5pmntg5cddmo5lize7lh91fprtcdthk84q67kly.png "Screenshot 2025 08 04 at 4.34.03 am.png") ![CLawsoc.jpeg](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/CLawsoc-rdu5pqf6npndo8yg4jfzdvplggx5q87njvm4voi7ae.jpeg "CLawsoc.jpeg") #### Make Contact Team Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ## Limited Places Now Remaining. Reserve your Package Now. [ Click here ](#form) --- ### [Legalchat Archive](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legalchat/) **Published:** June 7, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** --- ### [Legal Chat Archives](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/elementor-4578/) **Published:** December 22, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** --- ### [Lawyers in Christchurch New Zealand since 1991](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/home/) **Published:** December 16, 2020 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Empowering Your Dream: The Ultimate First Home Buyer's Guide](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/first-home-buyers-guide-new-zealand/) **Published:** February 1, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Expert Relationship Property Law & Separation Advice in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/relationship-property-law-separation-advice/) **Published:** January 10, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **Relationship property law isn’t a topic many people like to think about. It’s usually concerned with addressing things that arise in a difficult and emotionally-charged time: the break-up of a relationship.** None of us hope we’re ever put in that situation. But it does happen. And preparing things earlier in a relationship – or getting supportive help and advice if it does happen – can reduce a lot of stress and uncertainty. And this isn’t just relevant only if you’re getting married. Relationship property law also applies to those living with partners in de facto relationships for more than three years. #### Whether you’re moving in with your partner, getting married, or ending a relationship, we’re here to help. We can guide you through prenuptial agreements, division of relationship property, care arrangements for children, and anything else you might need – all with sensitivity and the benefit of experience. [Talk with our team about your relationship property issues](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) #### What is relationship property? [Relationship property](https://www.lawsociety.org.nz/for-the-public/common-legal-issues/dividing-up-relationship-property/ "Relationship property") refers to property acquired during a relationship. In New Zealand, when a relationship ends (either through separation or death), all relationship property is generally divided equally. The area is covered by *Property (Relationships) Act 1976,* which applies to all married, civil union and de facto couples. The Act defines relationship property as: - the family home (even if acquired before the relationship began) - family chattels - common or jointly-owned property - property acquired before the relationship began if it was intended as for the couple’s common use or benefit - income earned and property bought after the relationship began - value added during the relationship to superannuation and life insurance policies. Although relationship property is generally divided equally, there are some exceptions to this. And it’s here where you need particular guidance to make sure you get a fair deal. #### Prenuptial agreements: when you feel the default position isn’t right for you The Act allows couples to create their own agreement about what should happen to their relationship property. This is commonly known as a prenuptial agreement. In a prenuptial agreement, a couple can set out what property is to be relationship property and what is to be separate property. They can also define the share of relationship property each of them is entitled to. For example, a house might still be relationship property, but be divided in shares other than 50-50. A prenuptial agreement is also really helpful to figure out what might be done with difficult-to-split relationship property. For example, the family pet is considered relationship property under the Act – and splitting Fido just isn’t as simple as other property! There are a few requirements for ensuring a prenuptial agreement is valid. - It must be in writing and signed by both parties. - Both parties must have independent legal advice before they sign. - Each signature must be witnessed by a lawyer. - The lawyer witnessing must explain the effect and implications of the agreement. So it really helps to get a lawyer involved at the earliest stage to ensure your agreement is right for you, and right by the law. It’s also important to review agreements from time-to-time to make sure they still represent a fair deal. Circumstances change, and an agreement can be set aside if the Court thinks they present “serious injustice” to either party. We’ve helped many couples create, review and update prenuptial agreements to reflect their unique relationship. We can help you do the same. [Talk with our team about prenuptial agreements](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) #### Relationship property settlement agreements If a relationship ends, each party should get independent legal advice about their position. In many cases, it’s just a matter of looking to the Act and any prenuptial agreement, coming to an agreement, putting it in writing, and signing. We can offer you that advice and help. But sometimes, it’s not so easy to agree on a fair division of property. In that case, we can work with you to reach a fair outcome, while keeping stress to a minimum. [Talk with our team about relationship settlement agreements](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-us/) --- ### [Canterbury Legal Client Reviews - Christchurch Lawyers New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/canterbury-legal-client-reviews-christchurch-lawyers-new-zealand/) **Published:** June 7, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Building & Construction Law in New Zealand](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/building-construction/) **Published:** January 14, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Building & Construction is a key industry sector in New Zealand. The sector is divided into two separate and distinct parts: Residential and Commercial #### **Standard Form Building Contracts** Standard form building contracts are made up of sections comprising General Conditions of Contract *(standard clauses)*, Special Conditions of Contract *(tailored provisions)* and schedules. They come in a variety of forms. The New Zealand Standard is generally considered the heavyweight in the Building & Construction industry and caters for everything from multi storied commercial complexes to standard residential housing. Consideration needs to be given to such issues as bond requirements, subcontractors, engineers input, indemnities, insurance risk, variations and extras, payments timing, guarantees and warranties and completion requirements. #### **Requirements for Residential Construction Contracts** The Building Amendment Act 2013 introduced consumer rights and remedies in relation to residential building work. The following is required for all residential building contracts over $30,000.00 in value: - Pre contract disclosure which includes a generic checklist and specific disclosure information; - Written contracts containing prescribed information including: - Basic facts about the parties and the work to be undertaken; - Pricing details; - Terms regarding delays and addressing defects; - Dispute resolution. - An automatic 12 months defects repair period; - Post contract disclosure. #### **Implied Warranties** The Building Act prescribes warranties to be implied into every residential building contract. They cannot be excluded and include: - The building work must be carried out in a proper and competent manner; - The building must be in accordance with the plans and specifications; - The work must be carried out in accordance with the building consent; - Materials used must be suitable for the purpose and must be new; - Work carried out must be in accordance with legal requirements; - Work must be carried out with reasonable care and skill; - The building work must be completed by the date specified or within a reasonable time (where no date is specified). #### **Our Experience** At Canterbury Legal several of our team members have expert knowledge of Building & Construction Law, having been involved both in large and small scale residential and commercial developments. We also have extensive experience in operating within the Construction Contracts Act 2002, and assisting our clients to take advantage of the cash flow benefits in operating within that Act. --- ### [News and Views](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/news/) **Published:** January 11, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Sealing The Deal: Expert Advice For Residential Property Buyers And Sellers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/buying-selling-property/) **Published:** February 1, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Whether you are buying your first home or a rental investment property, Canterbury Legal will cover the legal aspects of making it happen. Here at Canterbury Legal, we want to make buying and selling residential property as easy and painless for you as possible. We’re here to guide you through the process and provide the answers for any questions that you may have. ### First home buyers: get your free 15 minute consultation with Ang Looking to buy your first home? Let’s make it as easy as possible. Our legal executive Angela Ingrosso is here to answer your questions and get you on the right path to making that purchase. Contact her for a free 15 minute consultation. *“You have been so helpful throughout what has been a very long and stressful process and we really appreciate all your efforts!”* – first home buyers Alice and Jack, on their experience with Angela We will help ensure from the outset that your property is protected for you and your family in the future – and make sure that your expectations from the property are met. If you’re buying your first home, [we’ve assembled a short and simple guide](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/first-home-buyers-guide-new-zealand/) for what you need to know. This guide covers using [KiwiSaver savings](https://kaingaora.govt.nz/en_NZ/home-ownership/kiwisaver-first-home-withdrawal/ "KiwiSaver savings"), a [First Home Grant](https://kaingaora.govt.nz/en_NZ/home-ownership/first-home-grant/ "First Home Grant") for a new home, dealing with banks & mortgage brokers and signing sales and purchase agreements. Contact us today to set up an appointment to discuss your residential property legal needs. --- ### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/chelsea-chong/) **Published:** July 5, 2024 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Navigating Commercial & Corporate Contracts: What You Need to Know](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/) **Published:** January 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Commercial Law governs the way business and commerce is carried out. Whether it’s commercial contracts, shareholder agreements or the sale of consumer goods, we can give advice and provide solutions for any commercial problem you have. What responsibilities does a major shareholder have towards other shareholders? What are the requirements should a corporation rent property from one of its Directors? What are the consequences of dissolving a business organisation? These are just a few of the questions which fall into the field of Commercial and Corporate Law, and which often require specialist knowledge to answer. Clear and concise Corporate Advice is an essential in a competitive and complex business arena such as we face today. Often you will be confronted with a broad range of issues. Canterbury Legal prides itself on its wealth of commercial and corporate law knowledge. We’re here to understand your requirements – help you develop strategies – find the solutions that will enable you to achieve and succeed. --- ### [Enduring Power of Attorney: Why it's important](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-services/enduring-power-of-attorney/) **Published:** June 16, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **An enduring power of attorney ensures that the right decisions are made on your behalf, even when you’re unable to make those decisions yourself. Our Canterbury Legal team works with you to build the right enduring power of attorney for your circumstances.** [Start Your Enduring Power of Attorney](#epaform) #### What is an enduring power of attorney (EPA)? A power of attorney gives someone you trust the legal right to make decisions on your behalf, or sign documents for you. It may be that you do this because it’s more convenient for you to have them do it, or you’re travelling, or otherwise unavailable. An **enduring power of attorney** allows them to make those decisions on your behalf when you’d be unable to make those decisions yourself. For example, if you’ve had an accident, are ill, or have developed dementia. You can have an enduring power of attorney in relation to: - your health and welfare - your property - or both. It’s an important thing to have to make sure that you and your assets are looked after in the way you’d want them to be. #### **Do I need an enduring power of attorney?** We all hope that we’d always be able to make important decisions for ourselves. But that’s just not always the case. If you anticipate losing that ability, then you should definitely take action when you’re able to. Because although we might think that our loved ones will be able to step in, the law doesn’t necessarily allow for that. And even if you don’t anticipate any physical or mental incapacity, the unexpected can happen at any time. So having that person identified and available means that if anything does go wrong, you can rest assured you’ll be looked after. It’s a good thing to create in conjunction with a [will](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills/). #### **How do I create an enduring power of attorney?** There are [standard forms available](https://www.justice.govt.nz/family/powers-to-make-decisions/the-court-and-enduring-power-of-attorney-epa/) for setting up your enduring power of attorney. You and your attorney will each need to sign the forms. These signatures will need to be witnessed by one of the following: - a lawyer - a legal executive who is a member of, and holds a current annual registration certificate issued by, The New Zealand Institute of Legal Executives Incorporated, has 12 or more months’ experience as a legal executive, and is employed by and supervised by a lawyer: - an authorised officer or employee of a trustee corporation. You don’t necessarily need to involve a lawyer to plan or create your enduring power of attorney. However, we strongly advise you talk with us. We can help you ensure the enduring power of attorney operates exactly as you’d want it to. This is particularly important since you wouldn’t be able to monitor its implementation. We can also give you ideas as to what specifics you might want to include in your EPA. #### **Who should I choose as my attorney?** The person you appoint as your decision maker is known as an “attorney”. It’s not “attorney” in the sense of a legal professional – although you could appoint one as you choose. You should think about someone you trust. Someone who would make the best decisions for you that reflect your values and opinions. It’s not about what they’d want to do. It’s about what you’d want. It may be that you appoint one attorney for your health and welfare and a different one for your property. Perhaps your welfare attorney is a close family member or friend, and your property attorney is a lawyer or accountant. In the case of a property attorney, you can select more than one person to act jointly, or even choose a trustee corporation. In both cases, your attorney must at least 20 years of age, and not bankrupt. Whoever they are, you should be confident in their ability to manage your affairs the way you’d want them managed. #### **When does an enduring power of attorney go into effect?** The enduring power of attorney goes into effect when you’re deemed to be “mentally incapable”. - In the case of property, that means when you’re “not wholly competent to manage \[your\] own affairs in relation to \[your\] property”. - In the case of personal care and welfare, that means you lack the capacity to: - make decisions about your own personal care or welfare - or understand the nature of decisions about your personal care or welfare - or foresee the consequences of these decisions - or communicate decisions about your personal care or welfare. An appropriate medical professional will need to determine whether you are mentally incapable. The enduring power of attorney has no effect when you’re still able to make decisions for yourself. This means that you can change your attorney, or any other details relating to your EPA. And if you recover your ability to make decisions – you’re no longer mentally incapable – you can request that your attorney’s services be suspended until such time you might need them again. --- ### [Estates & Powers of Attorney](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/estates-administration/) **Published:** January 13, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** We understand that when the inevitable happens most important is protecting your family. Traditionally [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills-estates-administration/) were the mechanism for passing on your assets. In todays world [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills-estates-administration/) are one among others in having your wishes respected. We want to ensure you understand the options that are available. #### **Estate Planning** - [The family trust](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/trust-asset-protection/) has become more predominant in dealing with major assets such as the family home. - Living wills allow for advance health care decisions to be implemented. - Other interventions such as testamentary promises can impact on your final requirements. We are here to show you the best and most effective way of achieving your final wishes while keeping you fully informed as to the legal implications of the actions you are taking. We will ensure that an enforceable will reflects your true wishes. #### **Estate Administration** Are you a trustee of a family member’s estate? Has a family member died without making a will and left assets that need to be dealt with? We have extensive experience in estate administration. We can provide guidance and undertake the legal steps to enable smooth and timely estate administration while keeping you informed as to trustee obligations and accountability requirements. *For more about Wills and Estates refer NZ Law Society Guide “[Making a Will and Estate Administration](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Making-a-Will-and-Estate-Administration.pdf)”.* #### **Powers of Attorney** Attorneys are able to stand in the shoes of the person who appointed them. They can: - Operate bank accounts; - Transfer property; - Incur legally binding obligations; and - Undertake any legal action in the same way that the appointer could. It stands to reason it is imperative that any person given these powers is competent and trustworthy. At Canterbury Legal our Directors are often called upon to perform such duties either in their personal capacity or as advisers to appointed family members or trusted business associates. #### **General Powers of Attorney (“GPA”)** - A GPA allows you to appoint someone to assist in conducting your affairs. - Companies can appoint attorneys to act on their behalf. - GPA’s require that you have mental and physical ability to deal with the attorney. #### **Enduring Powers of Attorney (“EPA”)** - Enduring Powers of Attorney (“EPA”) allow an attorney to continue in the event that you lose mental or physical capacity. - Both a GPA and an EPA will cease immediately on the death of the person who granted it. *For more about Powers of Attorney refer NZ Law Society Guide “[Powers of Attorney](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Powers-of-Attorney.pdf)”.* We can prepare powers of attorney so that your affairs and family are looked after in the event that you are no longer able to. We will help you formulate the plan and then implement it to ensure your goals are achieved and your loved ones are looked after. --- ### [Terms of Trade/Terms and Conditions](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) **Published:** June 11, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** **If you’re in business, then it’s vital to have a good set of standard terms of trade, or terms and conditions—and to make sure they’re up to date. We’re here to help you get them right for your business.** #### **Do you need terms of trade or terms and conditions for a business?** Terms of trade, or terms and conditions, serve as the generic contract between your business and all the customers to whom you provide goods or services. They set out the processes, rights, responsibilities and obligations that fall on each party. Getting them right can mean the difference between having a well-oiled business, and, well, going out of business. Because done well, they’ll clearly set out what each party can expect from the relationship. That gives you both certainty, helps limit your risk and generally leads to good business relationships. #### **How do you create terms of trade?** You can create terms of trade or terms and conditions yourself. However, the risk is that they won’t do what you need them to do. There’s a lot of nuance required, and you might find the terms you create yourself won’t be enforceable when you need to rely on them. So that’s where we come in. Taking our knowledge of the law and our experience creating, updating and troubleshooting terms and conditions, we can create the terms and conditions that will be the right fit for your business and your customers. Typically a business’ terms and conditions would include terms relating to matters such as: - Acceptance of the contract - Payment - Rights and obligations - Limitations of liability - Warranties - Duties of care - Privacy - Confidentiality - Termination As with any contracts, it’s important to remember that you can’t just add anything. Even if a client or customer agrees to the terms and conditions, there are certain things that just won’t be enforceable under New Zealand law. That’s all the more reason to check that your terms and conditions are constructed in a way to deliver what you want and need. #### **What if the other party has their own terms?** If you’re doing business with another business, chances are they’ll have their own terms of trade or terms and conditions—and it’s unlikely they’ll match yours. If they’re happy accepting yours, then great! But if they’re asking you to accept theirs, tread carefully. This is another point where it’s really helpful to have a lawyer review things. We can identify any pitfalls, and help you understand what you’re getting into. #### ****We can help you create, review or update your business terms of trade or terms and conditions**** If you’re starting from scratch or want to review your existing terms and conditions, we’re here to help. Let us know what you want to achieve, and we’ll get you there. --- ### [Legal Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-services/) **Published:** January 6, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Intellectual Property & Royalty Agreements](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/intellectual-property-royalty-agreements/) **Published:** January 14, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Are you and your business Innovators, Inventors or at the forefront of a new development idea? Protection of the proprietary ownership and enabling you to capitalise on the intellectual property involved is where we can help you capitalise and increase your profits. Intellectual Property arises as a result of human intellect. There are two distinct forms: - Literary and Artistic works; - Industrial Property. We can assist with and advise on: - Branding and Trademark Protection; - Copyright; - Designs; - Licensing; - Collaboration; - Compliance; - Research and Development Grants; - Border Protection; and - Franchising and Passing Off. [Our litigators](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/key-people/) can assist with any disputes arising including infringement and patent issues and work to protect your IP rights. --- ### [Home Financial Advisor](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/financial-advisor/) **Published:** August 8, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** # We make your *investments* successful Eiusm od tempor incididunt ut labore. Consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do. Consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusm onsectetur adipiscing elit. [ ](#ancor_id) Required reading# Best *business* books saving money# Advisory services of the highest quality Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit. - Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet - Consectetur adipiscing elit - Sed do eiusm od tempor [Find Out More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-services/) 0 Projects 0 Agents 0 Plans 0 Offices testimonials## What our clients *say* [ PLAY ](#go-video2) ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/no-image.jpg) ## Subscribe *for* the exclusive updates! Our news# Latest *posts* ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/no-image.jpg) # Comprehensive financial *services & support* [View More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-services/) --- ### [Home Business Analyst](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/business-analyst/) **Published:** August 9, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ###### CORPORATE SERVICES # Top-tier *analysis* and statistics [Explore Now](#ancorr) [quickcal-calendar size="small"] ### Accounting & support of your business ### Accounting & support of your business business analytics# We help private *businesses grow* Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia. [Our Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-services/) What We Offer# Creating *long-term value* with entrepreneurial intelligence! Our main goal is success. ###### Peter Bowman Creative Director Happy clients 0 m Successful projects 0 % Unique approach 0 % # Find a guide to the world of business & finance Adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam.natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium. Veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. [About Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) choose us# We offer the highest *quality services* for individuals and companies Contact Us## Have questions? Get in touch! --- ### [Home Business Consulting](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/business-consulting/) **Published:** August 8, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** . For You & Your Family [View all personal legal services ](/personal-law/) Our Personal Law team helps individuals and families with clear, practical advice on future planning, relationship changes, and estate matters—so your wishes are understood and your family is protected. Our Personal Law team helps individuals and families with clear, practical advice on future planning, relationship changes, and estate matters—so your wishes are understood and your family is protected. . Develop with confidence For Your Property & Investments From first-home purchases to large-scale developments, our property lawyers help you navigate contracts, compliance, and risk—keeping your transaction moving smoothly. [View all property law services ](/property-law) Legal support for buying, selling, building, and investing in property. From first-home purchases to large-scale developments, our property lawyers help you navigate contracts, compliance, and risk—keeping your transaction moving smoothly. . For Your Business & Organisations We work with business owners, directors, employers, charities, and incorporated societies to provide clear, commercially sound legal advice at every stage—from setup to growth, governance, and dispute resolution. [View all business & organisational services ](/business-law) We work with business owners, directors, employers, charities, and incorporated societies to provide clear, commercially sound legal advice at every stage—from setup to growth, governance, and dispute resolution. Structure for growth . For Resolving Disputes Our litigation team focuses on helping you resolve matters efficiently and cost effectively, while protecting your position at every stage, tand we’re always prepared to advocate strongly on your behalf when court action is required. [View all LITIGATION services ](/litigation-dispute-resolution) Our litigation team focuses on helping you resolve matters efficiently and cost effectively, while protecting your position at every stage, tand we’re always prepared to advocate strongly on your behalf when court action is required. RESOLVING Disputes . For Your Society, Club or Charity. Helping committees, boards and community organisations stay compliant, protected and future-ready with clear advice on governance, re-registration and compliance so your organisation can focus on its purpose, not legal risk. [View all Charities & Societies services ](/charities-incorporated-societies/) Helping committees, boards and community organisations stay compliant, protected and future-ready with clear advice on governance, re-registration and compliance so your organisation can focus on its purpose, not legal risk. STRONGER COMMUNITY ![29]( "29") ![26]( "26") ![28]( "28") ![27]( "27") ![Black and Red Clean Minimal Professional Startup Pitch Deck Presentation (4)]( "Black and Red Clean Minimal Professional Startup Pitch Deck Presentation (4)") ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/no-image.jpg) ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz6yrp613wjz0kfbenaylo044fxf06cdwtuqs.jpg "No Image placeholder") ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz6lm1mux2oupb2fulzfx8uyr6k3kkosjytck.jpg "No Image placeholder") corporate services# Your success is our top priority Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. ###### Mon-Fri: 9 AM – 22 PM ###### Saturday: 9 AM – 20 PM [About Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) What We Offer# Creating *long-term value* with entrepreneurial intelligence! Our main goal is success. ###### Peter Bowman Creative Director ### Silver Pack $50.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) ### Gold Pack $70.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) ### Platinum Pack $90.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) [ PLAY ](#go-video2) all you need# Our services Adipiscing elit, sed do euismod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitacion ullamco. [View More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-services/) #### [ Quality assurance ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/quality-assurance/) Consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/quality-assurance/)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/quality-assurance/) #### [ Financial services ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/financial-services/) Consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusm od tempor incididunt ut labore. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/financial-services/)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/financial-services/) #### [ Customer support ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/customer-support/) Consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusm od tempor incididunt ut labore. [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/customer-support/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/customer-support/) ### Get the best blog stories into your inbox! 0 Projects 0 Agents 0 Plans 0 Offices From The Blog# Our articles --- ### [Payments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/payments/) **Published:** January 31, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** #### EFTPOS Payments We accept EFTPOS payments in our office at reception or over the phone for Visa, MasterCard and Q Card. #### Manual Bank Transfer [Please email us](mailto:admin@canterburylegal.co.nz) or complete the contact form below and we will provide you with our bank account details for making a bank transfer. Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Message How did you hear about us? Referral from someoneInternet searchLink from another websiteSocial mediaRadio adOnline adSomewhere else Submit --- ### [Finance & Securities](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/corporate-financing-banking/) **Published:** January 14, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** We are highly experienced in providing legal advice to clients involved in Finance & Securities law across a wide range of ventures. Our service and experience also extends to dealing with financial institutions and regulatory authorities on behalf of our clients. **Finance & Banking** Whether it’s corporate lending, lease financing, securitisations or anything else in the myriad of financial undertakings, Canterbury Legal keeps abreast of a full range of current and emerging issues in this field. Our involvement in finance and banking law is far reaching and includes providing advice to clients on: - Property development and Subdivision financing; - Corporate financing; - Asset financing; - Construction and project financing; - Farm and rural financing; and - Bridging finance. We have established relationships with a variety of different lenders to meet our clients varying needs and decades of experience in facilitating financing transactions speedily and cost effectively. **Securities** Securities laws can be split into two categories: - **Transactional**: where a financial institution or investment entity provides finance in various forms; and - **Regulatory:** where the Financial Markets Authority regulates the Financial Service Providers. Securities laws regulate the myriad of complex products that make up the securities market including: - issuing of stocks by public corporations; - purchasing shares in private companies; - packaging of loans, bonds and notes; - mortgages; - bills of lading; and - bills of exchange. [At Canterbury Legal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) we are dedicated to providing [professional legal services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) to support your dealings involving Finance & Securities Law; whether you are in the process of obtaining finance or a financial provider. We are here to support any dealings you have that involve securities law and to help you with any interactions with the Financial Markets Authority. --- ### [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wills/) **Published:** January 1, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins --- ### [Feedback](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/feedback/) **Published:** April 26, 2021 **Author:** Clive Cousins **Content:** Feedback Contact First Name Last Name Email How would you rate your overall experience with us? 5 4 3 2 1 What worked well for you? Any other comments? Submit Your Feedback --- ### [Home Insurance Company #2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/curtains-blinds-2/) **Published:** August 5, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** In your corner when life gets complicated. Personal & Family Law ![woman holding paper human figures on blurred backg 2026 02 02 03 16 30 utc]( "woman holding paper human figures on blurred backg 2026 02 02 03 16 30 utc") individual approach# Insurance services trusted by *millions* Adipiscing elit, sed do euismod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco. Adipiscing elit, sed do euismod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam. #### [ Legacy ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/legacy-management/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/legacy-management/)[ management ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/legacy-management/) [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/legacy-management/)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/legacy-management/) #### [ Valuables ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/valuables-storage/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/valuables-storage/)[ storage ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/valuables-storage/) [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/valuables-storage/)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/valuables-storage/) #### [ Wealth ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wealth-management/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wealth-management/)[ management ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wealth-management/) [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wealth-management/)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wealth-management/) #### [ Reinsurance ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/reinsurance-solutions/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/reinsurance-solutions/)[ solutions ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/reinsurance-solutions/) [ Read More ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/reinsurance-solutions/)[ ](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/reinsurance-solutions/) ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz7xuq6eq9pnvz65rishy7hxpqmasxef4g1ec.jpg "No Image placeholder") life insurance# Get your personal *protection today* Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia. ##### 01. Health Insurance ##### 02. Property Insurance [Read More](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) 0 Projects 0 Agents 0 Plans 0 Offices [ PLAY ](#go-video2) FINANCIAL SECURITY# Private home & property *insurance* Qadipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna laboris nisi aliqua. [About Us](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) [0 800 555 44 33](tel:08005554433) ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz7hmk2ltdik7ibzsqdw3r68adi2el2ijse8m.jpg "No Image placeholder") ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz7xupxlzt9p6cew3wvxlh3adses7d4qy8lly.jpg "No Image placeholder") read more# The latest *business* news ## Effective *risk* management strategies [Our Prices](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/pricing/) --- ### [Newsletter Popups](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter-popups/) **Published:** August 10, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** # Default [Open Demo](#) # Newsletter Box [Open Demo](#) --- ### [Pricing](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/pricing/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ### Silver Pack $50.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) ### Gold Pack $70.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) ### Platinum Pack $90.00Per Month - Adipiscing elit sed do. - Eusmod tempor incididunt ut. - labore et dolore magna. [Get Now](#) ### Get the best blog stories into your inbox! # FAQ ##### What is a strategic block? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Who is a business analyst? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is full outsourcing profitable? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is there a guaranteed result? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. --- ### [FAQs](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/faqs/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rhbb004t9fwp9kzwtvzjmdxks2gj5uahhs1ml9kyz8.jpg "No Image placeholder") ##### What is a strategic block? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Who is a business analyst? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is full outsourcing profitable? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is there a guaranteed result? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. What We Offer# Creating *long-term value* with entrepreneurial intelligence! Our main goal is success. [Read More](/about-us/) [ PLAY ](#go-video2) --- ### [FAQs #2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/faqs-2/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ![No Image placeholder](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/no-image-rrs15uz7xuq6eq9pnvz65rishy7hxpqmasxef4g1ec.jpg "No Image placeholder") ##### What is a strategic block? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Who is a business analyst? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is full outsourcing profitable? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. ##### Is there a guaranteed result? Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur. Dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas. What We Offer# Creating *long-term value* with entrepreneurial intelligence! Our main goal is success. [Read More](/about-us/) [ PLAY ](#go-video2) --- ### [Service Plus](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/service-plus/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** ##### Dear Customers, Our primary goal is developing a secure and customizable theme framework that meets the needs of the end user. Therefore, our customers are able to create websites based on our templates with very little effort! This process requires minimum knowledge of WordPress or coding; and extensive documentation as well as our Support Team are always at your service. However, we ask you to keep in mind that sometimes issues occur that are not caused by template malfunction. There might be situations when neither the product itself nor our framework are at fault. Among other things, theme performance can be affected by server settings, additional functionality that requires deep file customization, external plugin usage and, of course, attempts to build a website in a very short time. We know the ins and outs of our theme framework and have a highly professional team of developers. They will help you to develop the website you need. If you need website customization, please contact our support team for further information: customization# Packages ### Installation + logo change ###### regular $45 - The template will be installed on your server exactly as the demo looks like. You will get access to the admin panel, so you can manage your website - We will replace the template’s logo with yours on each page of the template. The logo has to be in good quality in .PSD, .EPS, .PNG, .JPG format. Logo width should be 300px and 600px [Grab This Deal](https://themerex.net/downloads/theme-installation/?utm_source=demosplus&utm_medium=demosplus&utm_campaign=demosplus) ### Ready-to-use Website ###### silver $395 - Theme installation on your server with your logo - Google map with your address set - Content and images replacement up to 6 pages (without layout change) - Removing elements that you do not need on your website - Social icons set (without changing theme layout) - Color scheme replacement [Grab This Deal](https://themerex.net/downloads/ready-use-website/?utm_source=demosplus&utm_medium=demosplus&utm_campaign=demosplus) ### Full Website Package ###### gold $699 - WordPress and theme installation - Customization of website branding - Color scheme replacement - Content setup (adding 6 pages, 6 posts, Revolution sliders) - SEO Essentials - Website speed optimization [Grab This Deal](https://themerex.net/downloads/full-website-package/?utm_source=demosplus&utm_medium=demosplus&utm_campaign=demosplus) --- ### [My account](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/my-account/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** \[woocommerce\_my\_account\] --- ### [Blog Portfolio](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/blog-portfolio/) **Published:** August 9, 2022 **Author:** --- ### [Blog Grid](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/blog-grid/) **Published:** August 9, 2022 **Author:** --- ### [Blog Standard](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/blog-standard/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** --- ### [Blog List](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/blog-list/) **Published:** August 9, 2022 **Author:** --- ### [Checkout](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/checkout/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** \[woocommerce\_checkout\] --- ### [Cart](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/cart/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** \[woocommerce\_cart\] --- ### [Portfolio Grid Waves](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/portfolio-grid-waves/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** **Content:** --- ### [Shop](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/shop/) **Published:** August 4, 2022 **Author:** --- ## Newsletter ### [Legal Chat: December 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-december-25/) **Published:** December 11, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: December 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-december-25/) --- ### [Legal Chat: November 25 (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-november-25-copy-03/) **Published:** November 25, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: November 25 (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-november-25-copy-03/) https://mailchi.mp/canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-chat-the-september-edition-12847571 --- ### [Resend: Legal Chat: November 25 (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-legal-chat-november-25-copy-03/) **Published:** December 3, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: Legal Chat: November 25 (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-legal-chat-november-25-copy-03/) --- ### [Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst-copy-01/) **Published:** November 25, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst-copy-01/) --- ### [Resend: Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst/) **Published:** November 25, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst/) --- ### [Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst/) **Published:** November 18, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Societies Re-Reg Black Friday (We Pay Your GST)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/societies-re-reg-black-friday-we-pay-your-gst/) --- ### [Legal Chat: October 25 (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25-copy-02/) **Published:** November 11, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: October 25 (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25-copy-02/) --- ### [Legal Chat: October 25 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25-copy-01/) **Published:** November 11, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: October 25 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25-copy-01/) --- ### [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5088/) **Published:** October 30, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5088/) --- ### [Enjoy 10% off!](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/enjoy-10-off/) **Published:** October 30, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Enjoy 10% off!](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/enjoy-10-off/) --- ### [Introducing our new products](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/introducing-our-new-products/) **Published:** October 30, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Introducing our new products](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/introducing-our-new-products/) --- ### [Legal Chat: October 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25/) **Published:** October 25, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: October 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-october-25/) --- ### [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5084/) **Published:** September 27, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5084/) --- ### [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5083/) **Published:** September 27, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5083/) --- ### [Follow up](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/follow-up/) **Published:** September 25, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Follow up](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/follow-up/) --- ### [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-03/) **Published:** September 20, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 03)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-03/) --- ### [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-02/) **Published:** September 20, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-02/) --- ### [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-01/) **Published:** September 20, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02-copy-01/) --- ### [Legal Chat: September 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-september-25/) **Published:** September 20, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: September 25](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-september-25/) --- ### [Legal Chat: September 25 OLD](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-september-25-old/) **Published:** September 20, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: September 25 OLD](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-september-25-old/) --- ### [SEPTEMBER LEGAL CHAT](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/september-legal-chat/) **Published:** September 18, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [SEPTEMBER LEGAL CHAT](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/september-legal-chat/) --- ### [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5075/) **Published:** September 17, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/5075/) --- ### [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02/) **Published:** September 16, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Resend: COLD EMAIL (SEND 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/resend-cold-email-send-02/) --- ### [COLD EMAIL (SEND 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-send-02/) **Published:** September 16, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [COLD EMAIL (SEND 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-send-02/) --- ### [COLD EMAIL (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-copy-01/) **Published:** September 16, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [COLD EMAIL (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-copy-01/) --- ### [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts) (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts-copy-02/) **Published:** September 14, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts) (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts-copy-02/) --- ### [CLICK NO FORM EMAIL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/click-no-form-email/) **Published:** September 14, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [CLICK NO FORM EMAIL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/click-no-form-email/) --- ### [COLD EMAIL (resend 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-resend-01/) **Published:** September 14, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [COLD EMAIL (resend 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email-resend-01/) --- ### [COLD EMAIL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email/) **Published:** September 10, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [COLD EMAIL](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/cold-email/) --- ### [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts-copy-01/) **Published:** September 10, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts-copy-01/) --- ### [Email contacts from your automation flow (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/email-contacts-from-your-automation-flow-copy-01/) **Published:** September 10, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Email contacts from your automation flow (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/email-contacts-from-your-automation-flow-copy-01/) --- ### [MASTER](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/master/) **Published:** September 10, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [MASTER](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/master/) --- ### [Follow-up Lead Gen Email - assessment tool (non-open) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/follow-up-lead-gen-email-assessment-tool-non-open-copy-01/) **Published:** September 7, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Follow-up Lead Gen Email – assessment tool (non-open) (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/follow-up-lead-gen-email-assessment-tool-non-open-copy-01/) --- ### [Initial Lead Gen Email - assessment tool](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/initial-lead-gen-email-assessment-tool/) **Published:** September 7, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Initial Lead Gen Email – assessment tool](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/initial-lead-gen-email-assessment-tool/) --- ### [Email contacts from your automation flow](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/email-contacts-from-your-automation-flow/) **Published:** September 1, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Email contacts from your automation flow](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/email-contacts-from-your-automation-flow/) --- ### [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts/) **Published:** August 31, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: August (Resend to non-openers and 2x additional contacts)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-resend-to-non-openers-and-2x-additional-contacts/) --- ### [Legal Chat: August (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-copy-01/) **Published:** August 29, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: August (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august-copy-01/) --- ### [Legal Chat: August](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august/) **Published:** August 29, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legal Chat: August](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legal-chat-august/) --- ### [Welcome email](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/welcome-email/) **Published:** August 28, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Welcome email](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/welcome-email/) --- ### [Legalchat Campaign - June 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-june-2025/) **Published:** April 16, 2025 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat Campaign – June 2025](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-june-2025/) --- ### [Legalchat Campaign - November 2024](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-november-2024/) **Published:** November 20, 2024 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat Campaign – November 2024](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-november-2024/) --- ### [Legalchat Campaign - March 2024](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-march-2024/) **Published:** March 26, 2024 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat Campaign – March 2024](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-march-2024/) --- ### [Legalchat Campaign - December 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-december-2023/) **Published:** December 14, 2023 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat Campaign – December 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-december-2023/) --- ### [Legalchat Campaign - September 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-september-2023/) **Published:** September 20, 2023 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat Campaign – September 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-campaign-september-2023/) --- ### [Legalchat April 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2023/) **Published:** April 26, 2023 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat April 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2023/) --- ### [Legalchat March 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2023/) **Published:** March 20, 2023 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat March 2023](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2023/) --- ### [Legalchat December 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2022/) **Published:** December 19, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat December 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat November 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2022/) **Published:** November 16, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat November 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2022-2/) **Published:** September 23, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2022-2/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2022/) **Published:** September 21, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2022/) **Published:** August 7, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat July 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2022/) **Published:** June 30, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat July 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2022/) **Published:** May 31, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat April 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2022/) **Published:** May 1, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat April 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat March 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2022/) **Published:** March 31, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat March 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat February 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-february-2022/) **Published:** February 27, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat February 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-february-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat January 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-january-2022/) **Published:** January 26, 2022 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat January 2022](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-january-2022/) --- ### [Legalchat December 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2021/) **Published:** December 12, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat December 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat November 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2021/) **Published:** November 28, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat November 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat October 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2021/) **Published:** October 27, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat October 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2021 - to J Fulton](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021-to-j-fulton/) **Published:** September 27, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2021 – to J Fulton](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021-to-j-fulton/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2021 - to Scott Bentley](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021-to-scott-bentley/) **Published:** September 27, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2021 – to Scott Bentley](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021-to-scott-bentley/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021/) **Published:** September 23, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2021 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2021-copy-01/) **Published:** August 24, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2021 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2021-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2021/) **Published:** August 23, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat July 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2021/) **Published:** July 25, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat July 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2021 - to Savannah](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021-to-savannah/) **Published:** July 19, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2021 – to Savannah](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021-to-savannah/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2021 - to Barbaras clients](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021-to-barbaras-clients/) **Published:** July 12, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2021 – to Barbaras clients](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021-to-barbaras-clients/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021/) **Published:** June 23, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2021 - to Barbara](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021-to-barbara/) **Published:** June 16, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2021 – to Barbara](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021-to-barbara/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2021 to Jordan](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021-to-jordan/) **Published:** May 27, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2021 to Jordan](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021-to-jordan/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021/) **Published:** May 16, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat April 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2021/) **Published:** April 22, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat April 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-april-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat March 2021 - Blair Hickling & Mike Bryant](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2021-blair-hickling-mike-bryant/) **Published:** March 24, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat March 2021 – Blair Hickling & Mike Bryant](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2021-blair-hickling-mike-bryant/) --- ### [Legalchat March 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2021/) **Published:** March 21, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat March 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-march-2021/) --- ### [TEST to CL emails - Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/test-to-cl-emails-legalchat-february-2021/) **Published:** February 23, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [TEST to CL emails – Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/test-to-cl-emails-legalchat-february-2021/) --- ### [TEST - Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/test-legalchat-february-2021/) **Published:** February 17, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [TEST – Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/test-legalchat-february-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-february-2021/) **Published:** February 14, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat February 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-february-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat November 2020 - to Dean Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020-to-dean-smith/) **Published:** January 27, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat November 2020 – to Dean Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020-to-dean-smith/) --- ### [Legalchat January 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-january-2021/) **Published:** January 21, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat January 2021](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-january-2021/) --- ### [Legalchat December 2020 - Angela / Marshall](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2020-angela-marshall/) **Published:** January 18, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat December 2020 – Angela / Marshall](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2020-angela-marshall/) --- ### [Legalchat November 2020 - Angela & Marshall](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020-angela-marshall/) **Published:** January 18, 2021 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat November 2020 – Angela & Marshall](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020-angela-marshall/) --- ### [Legalchat December 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2020/) **Published:** December 8, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat December 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-december-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat November 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020/) **Published:** November 2, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat November 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-november-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat October 2020 - 20/10 various new (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-20-10-various-new-copy-01/) **Published:** October 21, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat October 2020 – 20/10 various new (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-20-10-various-new-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat October 2020 - 20/10 various new](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-20-10-various-new/) **Published:** October 19, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat October 2020 – 20/10 various new](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-20-10-various-new/) --- ### [Legalchat October 2020 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-copy-01/) **Published:** October 7, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat October 2020 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat October 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020/) **Published:** October 5, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat October 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-october-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - A Sheriff](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-a-sheriff/) **Published:** September 30, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – A Sheriff](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-a-sheriff/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - J Drayton](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-j-drayton/) **Published:** September 28, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – J Drayton](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-j-drayton/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - B McKay](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-b-mckay/) **Published:** September 28, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – B McKay](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-b-mckay/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - J Wright](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-j-wright/) **Published:** September 17, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – J Wright](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-j-wright/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - 15/09](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-15-09/) **Published:** September 14, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – 15/09](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-15-09/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - 09/09 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-09-09-copy-01/) **Published:** September 10, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – 09/09 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-09-09-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020 - 09/09](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-09-09/) **Published:** September 8, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020 – 09/09](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020-09-09/) --- ### [Legalchat September 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020/) **Published:** September 6, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat September 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-september-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2020 - 24/08 Coakley](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-24-08-coakley/) **Published:** August 24, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2020 – 24/08 Coakley](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-24-08-coakley/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2020 - 18/08 Teo](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-18-08-teo/) **Published:** August 18, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2020 – 18/08 Teo](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-18-08-teo/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2020 - 14/08 - T Davidson/ P Newell](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-14-08-t-davidson-p-newell/) **Published:** August 17, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2020 – 14/08 – T Davidson/ P Newell](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-14-08-t-davidson-p-newell/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2020 - 12/08](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-12-08/) **Published:** August 11, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2020 – 12/08](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020-12-08/) --- ### [Legalchat August 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020/) **Published:** August 6, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat August 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-august-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat July 2020 - 5/08 contacts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020-5-08-contacts/) **Published:** August 6, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat July 2020 – 5/08 contacts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020-5-08-contacts/) --- ### [Legalchat July 2020 - Morland](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020-morland/) **Published:** August 5, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat July 2020 – Morland](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020-morland/) --- ### [Legalchat July 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020/) **Published:** July 13, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat July 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-july-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - new contacts from Clive 30/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-30-06-2/) **Published:** June 30, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – new contacts from Clive 30/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-30-06-2/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - new contacts from Clive 30/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-30-06/) **Published:** June 29, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – new contacts from Clive 30/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-30-06/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - new contacts from Clive 29/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-29-06/) **Published:** June 28, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – new contacts from Clive 29/06](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive-29-06/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - new contacts from Clive](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive/) **Published:** June 26, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – new contacts from Clive](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-new-contacts-from-clive/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - to Rod Lewis](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-to-rod-lewis/) **Published:** June 23, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – to Rod Lewis](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-to-rod-lewis/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - Spam Test 4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-4/) **Published:** June 21, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – Spam Test 4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-4/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - Spam Test 3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-3/) **Published:** June 21, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – Spam Test 3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-3/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - Spam Test 2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-2/) **Published:** June 19, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – Spam Test 2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test-2/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020 - Spam Test](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test/) **Published:** June 19, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020 – Spam Test](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020-spam-test/) --- ### [Legalchat June 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020/) **Published:** June 18, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat June 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-june-2020/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2020 - New Subscribers (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers-copy-02/) **Published:** May 27, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2020 – New Subscribers (copy 02)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers-copy-02/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2020 - New Subscribers (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers-copy-01/) **Published:** May 22, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2020 – New Subscribers (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2020 - New Subscribers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers/) **Published:** May 22, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2020 – New Subscribers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-new-subscribers/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2020 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-copy-01/) **Published:** May 14, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2020 (copy 01)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020-copy-01/) --- ### [Legalchat May 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020/) **Published:** May 14, 2020 **Author:** sue **Content:** > [Legalchat May 2020](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/newsletter/legalchat-may-2020/) --- ## Theme Layouts ### [Header Main](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-main/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) # We're in your corner. - [Expertise](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/legal-services-2/) - [Personal Law](/personal-law) - [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wills/) - [Estate Planning & Administration](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/estate-planning-administration/) - [Asset Protection & Family Trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/asset-protection-family-trust-lawyers-in-christchurch/) - [Enduring Powers of Attorney](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/enduring-powers-of-attorney-in-christchurch/) - [Relationship Property Law & Separation Advice](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/relationship-property-lawyers-in-christchurch/) - [Relationship Property Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/relationship-property-disputes/) - [Property Law](/property-law) - [Residential Conveyancing (Buyers & Sellers)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/residential-conveyancing/) - [First Home Buyers](/property-law/) - [Commercial Property & Developments](/property-law/) - [Building & Construction Issues](/property-law/) - [Subdivision & Land Development](/property-law/) - [Insurance Claims](/property-law/) - [Business & Commercial Law](/business-commercial-law) - [Asset Protection & Business Structuring](/business-commercial-law/) - [Finance, Securities & Guarantees](/business-commercial-law/) - [Terms of Trade & Trading Protection](/business-commercial-law/) - [Commercial Contracts & Negotiation](/business-commercial-law/) - [Sale & Purchase of Businesses](/business-commercial-law/) - [Litigation & Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Civil & Commercial Disputes](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Personal & Commercial Insolvency](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Debt Recovery](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Insurance Disputes](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Estate & Trust Disputes](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Construction & Building Disputes](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Shareholder & Business Owner Disputes](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) - [Charities & Incorporated Societies](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/charities-incorporated-societies/) - [People](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/our-team-4/) - [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) - [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) - [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) - [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) - [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) - [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) - [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) - [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) - [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) - [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) - [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) - [About](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/about-us/) - [Contact](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact-christchurch-lawyers/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [](#) [ ](#popup-2) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#) --- ### [Footer Default](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/footer-default/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ## Christchurch-Based Lawyers Serving Canterbury & New Zealand Since 1991 ![CL LOGO WHITE LSCPE](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-LOGO-WHITE-LSCPE-1-768x237.webp) Clear, strategic legal advice for property, business, personal planning and dispute resolution across Canterbury. ![Untitled design (7)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Untitled-design-7-e1787867819371.png "Untitled design (7)") ###### Christchurch Office Canterbury Legal Building Level 2, Durham Street South Christchurch Central 8011, New Zealand ###### Office Hours Monday–Friday, 8:30am–5:00pm ###### Parking & Access Client parking nearby. Wheelchair accessible building. ###### Contact Email: Phone: [+64 3 377 0792](tel:+6433770792) [MAKE A PAYMENT](/payments/) ##### Personal Enduring Powers of Attorney Family Trusts & Asset Protection Relationship Property & Separation Estate Administration [View all Personal Law services →](/personal-law) ##### Business & Organisations Commercial Contracts Business Sales & Purchases Intellectual Property Incorporated Societies [View all Business services →](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/business-commercial-law) ##### Disputes & Litigation Civil & Commercial Disputes Employment Disputes Insolvency & Creditor Matters Insurance Disputes [View all Litigation services →](/dispute-resolution-litigation-2/) ##### Property & Investments First-Home Buyers Residential Property Transactions Commercial Property Subdivisions & Developments Insurance Claims [View all Property Law services →](/property-law) **[Privacy Policy](/privacy-policy/)** **[Terms of Engagement](/terms)** **[AML Information](/aml/)** **[Client Care & Service Info](/client-care)** **[Sitemap](/sitemap)** **[Complaints Process](/complaints-process)** Canterbury Legal is a Christchurch-based law firm providing legal services in property law, business and commercial law, personal legal planning, trusts, estates, incorporated societies, and dispute resolution throughout Canterbury and New Zealand. Canterbury Legal © {{Y}}. All Rights Reserved. --- ### [Header Button Right](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-button-right/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-LOGO-WHITE-LSCPE.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) [ ](#) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png) [Request a Call](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/contact/) --- ### [Panel with menu](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/panel-with-menu/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ##### Let's talk ###### [+1 840 841 25 69](tel:18408412569) [facebook-1](https://www.facebook.com/AncoraThemes/)[twitter-new](https://twitter.com/themes_ancora)[dribble-new](https://dribbble.com/AncoraThemes)[instagram](https://www.instagram.com/ancora_themes/) --- ### [MailChimp Popup](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/mailchimp-popup/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ## Subscribe for the updates! --- ### [Panel Bar 2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/panel-bar-2/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/AncoraThemes/)[Twitter](https://twitter.com/themes_ancora)[Dribble](https://dribbble.com/AncoraThemes)[Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/ancora_themes/) ##### [+1 840 841 25 69](tel:18408412569) --- ### [Footer Duplex](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/footer-duplex/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) # Accounting services of a high quality ###### Newsletter Signup ###### Socials - [Facebook](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/AncoraThemes/) - [Twitter](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/themes_ancora) - [Dribbble](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/AncoraThemes) - [Instagram](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/ancora_themes/) ###### Menu - [Services](/our-services/) - [About Us](/our-about/) - [Features](/our-portfolio/) - [Contacts](/contacts/) ###### Say Hello [AncoraThemes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) © {{Y}}. All Rights Reserved. --- ### [Header Center Menu](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-center-menu/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-orange_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-orange_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-orange_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#) --- ### [Header Simple](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-simple/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#popup-2) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#) --- ### [Header Logo Center](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-logo-center/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) [ ](#) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#popup-2) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#) --- ### [Footer Menu Socials](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/footer-menu-socials/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ## Insurance services of the highest quality - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) [facebook-1](https://www.facebook.com/AncoraThemes/)[twitter-new](https://twitter.com/themes_ancora)[dribble-new](https://dribbble.com/AncoraThemes)[instagram](https://www.instagram.com/ancora_themes/) [AncoraThemes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) © {{Y}}. All Rights Reserved. --- ### [Footer Simple Inverse](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/footer-simple-inverse/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [AncoraThemes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) © {{Y}}. All Rights Reserved. [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) [facebook-1](https://www.facebook.com/AncoraThemes/)[twitter-new](https://twitter.com/themes_ancora)[dribble-new](https://dribbble.com/AncoraThemes)[instagram](https://www.instagram.com/ancora_themes/) --- ### [Header Video Portfolio Single](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-video-portfolio-single/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-orange_white2-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/logo-2.png) [ ](#popup-2) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-orange_white2-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) [ ](#) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/logo-2.png) # Header Video Portfolio Single --- ### [Header Portfolio Single](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-portfolio-single/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#popup-2) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CL-Logo-r-white-11.png) [ ](#) # Header Portfolio Single --- ### [Mailchimp Popup 2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/mailchimp-popup-2/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Subscribe for the updates! --- ### [Header Center Menu Alt](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/header-center-menu-alt/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png) [![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) ![Canterbury Legal](//www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo-green_white1-nocopyright.png) [ ](#) --- ### [Footer Main](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/layouts/footer-main/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ## Protect your property & *investments* ###### Address Germany — 785 15h Street, Office 478 Berlin, De 81566 [facebook-1](https://www.facebook.com/AncoraThemes/)[twitter-new](https://twitter.com/themes_ancora)[dribble-new](https://dribbble.com/AncoraThemes)[instagram](https://www.instagram.com/ancora_themes/) ###### Say Hello [+1 840 841 25 69](tel:+18408412569) - [Terms of Engagement](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/commercial-corporate-law/terms-of-trade/) - [AML Information](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/aml/) [AncoraThemes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/) © {{Y}}. All Rights Reserved. --- ## Portfolio ### [Portfolio test](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/portfolio/portfolio-test/) **Published:** April 27, 2026 **Author:** sue --- ## Services ### [Wills](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/wills/) **Published:** February 7, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/ "Personal Law")» Wills # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Personal Law --- ### [Estate Planning & Administration](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/estate-planning-administration/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/ "Personal Law")» Wills, Estate Planning & Administration # Clear Guidance. Practical Support. Protecting Your Family’s Future. **When someone dies, the legal and financial responsibilities can feel overwhelming.** Whether you are planning ahead or administering a loved one’s estate, clarity matters. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch estate lawyers assist with both proactive estate planning and the legal process of estate administration and probate — ensuring your wishes are respected and your responsibilities are handled correctly. # Estate Planning ## More than just a will. Traditionally, a will was the primary mechanism for passing on assets. Today, estate planning often involves a combination of tools to ensure your wishes are carried out effectively and with minimal disruption to your family. These may include: - A properly drafted **Will** - A **Family Trust** structure - **Enduring Powers of Attorney** - Testamentary promises and succession arrangements - Asset protection planning Every family’s circumstances are different. The right structure depends on your asset base, family dynamics and long-term intentions. Our role is to explain your options clearly, outline the legal implications, and implement a plan that reflects your true wishes. ## Ensuring your will is enforceable. A will must meet specific legal requirements to be valid. Poorly drafted or informal wills can lead to: - Delays in probate - Disputes between beneficiaries - Claims under family protection legislation - Increased legal costs We ensure your will: - Reflects your genuine intentions - Is legally enforceable - Minimises risk of challenge - Integrates with trusts and other planning structures Estate planning is about certainty — not assumptions. [**READ MORE ABOUT WILLS HERE >**](/wills) --- # Estate Administration & Probate ## What is probate? Probate is the legal process by which the High Court confirms that a will is valid and authorises the executor to administer the estate. Without probate (where required), assets such as property and significant bank accounts cannot usually be transferred. If someone dies without a will, the process is known as **intestacy**, and an application for Letters of Administration may be required instead. ## What does Estate Administration involve? Estate administration typically includes: - Identifying and valuing assets - Applying for probate or Letters of Administration - Paying debts and liabilities - Managing tax obligations - Distributing assets to beneficiaries - Finalising trust or testamentary obligations Executors and trustees have legal duties and accountability requirements. Acting without proper guidance can expose you to personal liability. --- ## Are you an Executor or Trustee? Being appointed as executor is an honour — but it is also a legal responsibility. You must: - Act in the best interests of beneficiaries - Follow the terms of the will - Keep accurate records - Avoid conflicts of interest - Distribute assets correctly We provide clear advice to help executors understand their obligations and avoid unnecessary risk. If appropriate, we can manage the probate process and administration steps on your behalf to ensure the estate is settled efficiently and correctly. --- ## What happens if there is no will? If a person dies without a valid will: - Their estate is distributed under New Zealand’s intestacy laws - A close family member must apply to the Court for authority - The distribution may not reflect the deceased’s intentions This process can be more complex and time-consuming than administering an estate with a valid will. Early legal advice helps reduce delays and uncertainty. --- ## Our approach to estate administration. When supporting families through estate administration, we: 1. Provide clear explanation of the process 2. Identify whether probate is required 3. Prepare and file necessary Court applications 4. Guide executors through legal obligations 5. Ensure assets are distributed lawfully and efficiently We understand this is often a difficult time. Our role is to remove uncertainty and provide practical, steady guidance. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions. ### How long does probate take in New Zealand? Timeframes vary depending on complexity, but straightforward probate applications typically take several weeks once filed. ### Do all estates require probate? Not always. Smaller estates or jointly owned assets may not require a formal probate application. ### Can an executor be personally liable? Yes. Executors who fail to follow their legal duties may face personal liability. ### What if someone challenges the will? Certain family members may bring claims under legislation such as the Family Protection Act. Early advice is critical if a dispute arises. --- ## Why choose Canterbury Legal for estate matters? - Over 30 years advising Canterbury families - Experienced in complex estates and trust structures - Clear, calm guidance at emotionally difficult times - Integrated estate planning and administration advice We assist with both planning ahead and managing responsibilities when the time comes. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Planning ahead or administering an Estate? Whether you need to: - Create a comprehensive estate plan - Apply for probate - Administer a loved one’s estate - Clarify executor responsibilities We are here to help. ###### **Protecting your family’s future starts with clarity.** **Services Group:** Personal Law --- ### [Residential Conveyancing (Buyers & Sellers)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/residential-conveyancing/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Residential Conveyancing (Buyers & Sellers) # Clear Advice. ## Smooth Settlements. No Surprises. **Buying or selling property is one of the most significant financial decisions you’ll make.** Whether it’s your first home, an investment property, or a family sale, the legal process must be handled correctly — from contract review to settlement. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch conveyancing lawyers guide buyers and sellers through every stage of the property transaction with clarity and efficiency. ## What is Residential Conveyancing? Conveyancing is the legal process of transferring ownership of property from one party to another. It includes: - Reviewing and negotiating the Agreement for Sale and Purchase - Advising on conditions (finance, LIM, building reports) - Conducting due diligence - Coordinating settlement - Transferring title through Land Information New Zealand Done properly, conveyancing protects your financial and legal position. --- ## Buying Property. When purchasing property, we: - Review the agreement before you sign - Identify legal risks and unusual conditions - Advise on finance and due diligence clauses - Ensure deposit protections are clear - Manage settlement and title transfer We help you understand what you’re committing to — before you commit. --- ## Selling Property For sellers, we: - Prepare or review agreements - Clarify conditions and timelines - Coordinate discharge of mortgages - Ensure settlement funds are correctly received - Manage title transfer documentation Clear legal preparation avoids delays and disputes at settlement. --- ## Our Approach to Conveyancing Property transactions move quickly. Our role is to: - Act promptly - Communicate clearly - Anticipate issues early - Coordinate seamlessly with banks and agents We focus on practical solutions — not unnecessary complication.sumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a lawyer before signing an agreement? Yes. Once signed, you are legally bound. Early review protects you. ### How long does settlement take? Settlement dates are agreed in the contract, typically 4–6 weeks. ### What costs are involved? Costs vary depending on complexity. We provide clear fee estimates upfront. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Moving Forward With Confidence ##### If you are buying or selling property in Christchurch or Canterbury: Book a conveyancing consultation Have your agreement reviewed Secure your property transaction ###### **Clarity at the start prevents stress at the end.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [Relationship Property Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/relationship-property-disputes/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/ "Personal Law")» Relationship Property Disputes # Strong Advocacy that protects your position. Not all separations resolve easily. When agreement breaks down, legal clarity becomes essential. Relationship property disputes can involve significant financial consequences — particularly where family homes, businesses, trusts or complex asset structures are involved. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch relationship property dispute lawyers provide strategic, steady representation to protect your financial position and resolve matters efficiently. ## What is a Relationship Property Dispute? A relationship property dispute arises when former partners cannot agree on how assets should be divided following separation. Under the **Property (Relationships) Act 1976**, relationship property is generally divided equally. However, disputes often arise over: - Whether an asset is relationship or separate property - The value of businesses or investments - Contributions made by each party - Trust-held assets - Unequal division claims - Validity of contracting out (prenuptial) agreements While equal sharing is the starting point, exceptions and complexities can significantly affect outcomes. --- ## When disputes become formal. Relationship property disputes may escalate when: - One party refuses to disclose financial information - Assets are transferred or restructured - Informal agreements break down - A prenuptial agreement is challenged - There are allegations of serious injustice - Trusts or companies are involved At this stage, strategic legal advice becomes critical. --- ## Complex assets and hidden risk. Each category requires careful legal and financial analysis. Disputes often centre on: ### 1. The Family Home Common questions iThe home is typically relationship property, even if owned before the relationship began. ### 2. Businesses, Trusts & Complex Assets Valuation, control and retained earnings can become contested. ### 3. Trusts Trust-held property may still be scrutinised under the Act, particularly where control is concentrated. ### 4. Superannuation and Insurance Increases in value during the relationship are generally relationship property. --- ## Challenging or defending a Contracting Out Agreement. Prenuptial or contracting out agreements can be challenged if enforcement would cause “serious injustice.” Common dispute issues include: - Inadequate disclosure at the time of signing - Independent advice not properly given - Circumstances changing significantly since signing Whether defending or challenging an agreement, early advice shapes leverage. --- ## Litigation and Court Proceedings. While many matters resolve through negotiation or mediation, some require Court intervention. We represent clients in: - Family Court proceedings - Applications for interim orders - Discovery and disclosure disputes - Enforcement of settlement agreements - Urgent injunctions to prevent asset dissipation Our focus remains on proportional, strategic action — not unnecessary escalation. --- ## Our approach to Relationship Property Disputes Disputes are rarely improved by aggression. They are improved by preparation. When acting in relationship property disputes, we: - Assess your legal position early - Identify asset exposure and leverage points - Secure financial disclosure - Engage in structured negotiation - Prepare thoroughly for mediation or Court - Protect assets where urgent action is required We aim to resolve matters efficiently — but we are prepared to advocate firmly when required. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions. ### Can relationship property be divided unequally? Yes. While equal sharing is the default, the Court may order unequal division in certain circumstances. ### Can trust assets be included in a dispute? Potentially. Courts may examine trust structures, particularly where one party retains control. ### What happens if my former partner hides assets? The Court can order disclosure and may impose consequences for non-disclosure. ### Do all disputes go to Court? No. Many are resolved through negotiation or mediation. Court is typically a last resort. --- ## Why choose Canterbury Legal for dispute matters? - Strong experience in complex property and trust structures - Litigation capability where required - Strategic, calm representation - Integrated advice across property, trust and commercial matters We understand that relationship property disputes are personal — but the financial consequences are long-term. Our role is to protect your position with clarity and strength. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Protect your position. ##### If you are facing a relationship property dispute — or believe one may be developing — speak with us before further decisions are made. ###### **The strongest outcomes begin with informed action.** **Services Group:** Personal Law, Relationship Property --- ### [Asset Protection & Family Trusts](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/asset-protection-family-trust-lawyers-in-christchurch/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/ "Personal Law")» Asset Protection & Family Trust Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what you’ve built. ## Secure what matters. **Whether your asset base is modest or substantial, protecting it properly is essential.** Buying property. Starting a business. Entering a relationship. Growing investments. Every major life decision carries risk. Without a clear structure in place, those risks can affect the assets you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch family trust lawyers help individuals, families and business owners structure and protect their assets through properly established and managed trusts. ## What is Asset Protection? Asset protection involves legally structuring your property and financial interests to reduce exposure to: - Relationship property claims - Business risk - Creditor claims - Litigation - Future uncertainty One of the most common and effective asset protection tools in New Zealand is a **family trust**. However, trusts must be carefully established and properly managed to achieve their intended purpose. --- ## What is a Family Trust? A family trust is a legal arrangement where assets are transferred to trustees to hold and manage for the benefit of named beneficiaries. When structured correctly, a family trust can: - Protect assets from certain relationship property claims - Provide separation between personal and business assets - Safeguard family wealth for future generations - Enable controlled distribution of income and capital - Provide succession planning certainty Trusts are governed by the **Trusts Act 2019**, which introduced increased trustee duties and compliance obligations. This makes proper advice more important than ever. --- ## Why asset protection matters. Many people only think about asset protection after something goes wrong. But the right time to review your protection strategy is: - Before entering a relationship - Before starting or expanding a business - Before purchasing significant property - During succession planning - When your asset base grows Delaying these decisions can reduce your options. Proactive planning provides flexibility. Reactive planning often limits it. --- ## When should you consider a Family Trust? You may benefit from establishing or reviewing a trust if you: - Own investment or rental property - Operate a business - Have children from previous relationships - Expect an inheritance - Want structured succession planning - Have concerns about future relationship property claims Trusts are not one-size-fits-all solutions. The suitability depends on your objectives, risk profile and long-term plans. --- ## The risks of poorly structured trusts. A badly set-up or poorly administered trust can create serious issues, including: - Failure to provide effective asset protection - Relationship property challenges - Tax complications - Trustee liability under the Trusts Act 2019 - Compliance and disclosure breaches Historic gifting programmes may also have implications that require review. That’s why asset protection should always involve tailored legal advice — not templates. --- ## Our approach to Asset Protection. When we advise on family trusts and asset protection, we focus on clarity and strategy. We: 1. Assess your current asset structure and risk exposure 2. Identify your long-term goals 3. Advise whether a trust is appropriate 4. Structure and establish the trust correctly 5. Guide trustees on ongoing obligations We ensure your structure works not just on paper, but in practice. --- ## Trusts and Relationship Property. Trusts are often used alongside: - Relationship Property Agreements - Wills and Estate Planning - Business structuring - Succession planning When used correctly, these tools complement each other. For example, a trust may hold assets, while a relationship property agreement clarifies ownership intentions. This integrated approach provides stronger long-term protection. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions. ### Does a family trust protect assets from relationship property claims? In some circumstances, yes — but only if the trust is properly established and administered. Courts can examine trusts closely where claims arise. ### Are trusts still effective under the Trusts Act 2019? Yes, but trustees now have clearer duties and greater accountability. Proper advice is essential to ensure compliance. ### Can creditors access assets in a family trust? If a trust is properly structured and operated independently, assets may be protected. However, guarantees, sham trust arguments, or improper management can weaken protection. ### Is a family trust right for everyone? No. Trusts are strategic tools, not automatic solutions. We assess your specific situation before recommending one. --- ## Why choose Canterbury Legal for trust advice? We combine: - Over 30 years of Canterbury legal experience - Strong understanding of trust and property law - Practical commercial insight - Clear, straightforward advice We don’t recommend trusts unless they genuinely add value to your situation. Asset protection should strengthen your position — not complicate it. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Secure your assets with confidence. ##### If you’re considering establishing a family trust, restructuring an existing one, or reviewing your asset protection strategy, speak with our Christchurch trust lawyers. ##### Protecting what you’ve built starts with the right advice. **Services Group:** Personal Law --- ### [Debt Recovery](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/debt-recovery/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil u0026 Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Insurance Disputes (Including EQC)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/insurance-eqc/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil u0026 Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Estate & Trust Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/estate-trust-disputes/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil u0026 Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Construction & Building Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/construction-building-disputes/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil u0026 Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Shareholder & Business Owner Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/shareholder-business-owner-disputes/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil u0026 Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Sale & Purchase of Businesses](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/sale-purchase-businesses-2/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Sale & Purchase of Businesses # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Enduring Powers of Attorney](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/enduring-powers-of-attorney-in-christchurch/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/ "Personal Law")» Enduring Powers of Attorney ## Plan Ahead. ## Protect Your Decisions. ## Safeguard Your Future. **None of us expect to lose the ability to make decisions for ourselves.** But illness, accident, or cognitive decline can happen unexpectedly. A properly prepared **Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA)** ensures someone you trust can make decisions for you if you are unable to do so. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch lawyers help individuals and families prepare clear, legally sound Powers of Attorney so that your affairs — and your loved ones — are protected. ## What Is a Power of Attorney? A power of attorney is a legal document that allows someone you appoint (your “attorney”) to make decisions or act on your behalf. An attorney can: - Operate bank accounts - Sign legal documents - Transfer property - Enter legally binding agreements - Manage financial and personal matters Because attorneys can effectively “stand in your shoes,” choosing the right person is critical. --- ## General Power of Attorney (GPA). A **General Power of Attorney (GPA)** allows someone to act for you while you still have mental capacity. GPAs are commonly used: - When travelling overseas - For business or company administration - For temporary assistance with property or financial matters Important points: - A GPA only works while you remain mentally capable - It ends automatically if you lose mental capacity - It ends immediately upon your death GPAs are useful tools — but they do not provide protection if you become mentally incapable. --- ## Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA). An **Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA)** continues to operate if you lose mental capacity. This is what makes it so important. An EPA ensures that decisions can still be made in relation to: - **Property and financial matters** - **Personal care and welfare** - Or both Without an EPA, your family may need to apply to the Family Court to be appointed as welfare guardian or property manager — a process that is time-consuming, costly and stressful. --- ## What Is an Enduring Power of Attorney for Property? A Property EPA allows your attorney to manage financial and property matters, including: - Paying bills - Managing investments - Selling or transferring property - Dealing with banks and institutions You may choose for it to: - Take effect immediately, or - Take effect only if you become mentally incapable More than one attorney can be appointed for property matters. --- ## What Is an Enduring Power of Attorney for Personal Care & Welfare? A Personal Care & Welfare EPA allows someone to make decisions about: - Medical treatment - Living arrangements - Care facilities - Health and wellbeing Only one person can be appointed at a time for welfare decisions. The EPA for personal care and welfare only comes into effect once you are deemed mentally incapable by an appropriate medical professional. --- ## When Does an Enduring Power of Attorney Take Effect? For property matters, it depends on how the document is structured. For personal care and welfare matters, it takes effect only when you are assessed as mentally incapable — meaning you are unable to: - Make or understand decisions about your care - Foresee the consequences of those decisions - Communicate your decisions If you regain capacity, your attorney’s authority can be suspended. While you remain mentally capable, you retain full control and can change or revoke your EPA. --- ## Do I need an Enduring Power of Attorney? Many people assume that a spouse or child can automatically step in if something happens. That is not always the case. Without an EPA: - Banks may refuse to provide access to accounts - Property transactions may be delayed - Medical decisions may become complicated - Court applications may be required An EPA provides clarity and certainty before a crisis occurs. It is often prepared alongside a **Will** as part of a complete estate planning strategy. --- ## How do you create an Enduring Power of Attorney? Standard forms are available, but strict legal requirements apply. An EPA must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by a qualified professional - Include certification that independent advice was provided Signatures may be witnessed by: - A lawyer - A qualified legal executive - An authorised trustee corporation representative While it is legally possible to prepare an EPA without a lawyer, professional advice ensures: - The document reflects your wishes - The correct authority is granted - Risks and limitations are understood - The EPA complies with legal requirements You won’t be able to monitor your attorney if you lose capacity — so it is critical that your EPA is structured properly from the outset. --- ## Choosing the right attorney. Your attorney should be: - Over 20 years old - Not bankrupt - Competent and trustworthy Most importantly, they must be someone who will make decisions consistent with your values — not their own preferences. You may appoint: - A family member - A trusted friend - A lawyer or accountant - A trustee corporation Some people choose one person for welfare matters and another for property matters. The right choice depends on your circumstances and the complexity of your affairs. --- ## Our approach to Powers of Attorney. When we help you prepare a Power of Attorney or Enduring Power of Attorney, we: 1. Discuss your circumstances and long-term goals 2. Explain the differences between GPA and EPA 3. Help you choose appropriate attorneys 4. Draft documents tailored to your situation 5. Ensure all legal witnessing and certification requirements are met We focus on clarity, practicality and certainty. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions. ### What is the difference between a GPA and an EPA? A General Power of Attorney ends if you lose mental capacity. An Enduring Power of Attorney continues to operate if you become mentally incapable. ### Does an EPA override my will? No. An EPA operates while you are alive. A will only takes effect after your death. ### Can I change my EPA later? Yes — as long as you still have mental capacity. ### What happens if I don’t have an EPA? Your family may need to apply to the Family Court to manage your affairs, which can be costly and stressful. --- ## Why choose Canterbury Legal for Powers of Attorney? - Over 30 years serving Canterbury families - Clear explanation without legal jargon - Practical estate planning advice - Integrated planning alongside wills and trusts We help you put the right safeguards in place — before they are needed. --- ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Put the right decisions in safe hands. ##### If you want to ensure your affairs and loved ones are protected in the event of incapacity, speak with our Christchurch lawyers about preparing a Power of Attorney or Enduring Power of Attorney. ###### **Planning ahead isn’t pessimistic. It’s responsible.** **Services Group:** Personal Law --- ### [Civil & Commercial Disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/civil-commercial-disputes/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Civil & Commercial Disputes # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Personal & Commercial Insolvency](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/personal-commercial-insolvency/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/ "Litigation & DIspute Resolution")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Litigation & DIspute Resolution --- ### [Sale & Purchase of Businesses](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/sale-purchase-businesses/) **Published:** February 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Sale & Purchase of Businesses # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Asset Protection & Business Structuring](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/asset-protection-business-structuring/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Relationship Property Law & Separation Advice](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/relationship-property-lawyers-in-christchurch/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Relationship Property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/relationship-property/ "Relationship Property")» Relationship Property Law & Separation Advice # Clear Advice. Calm Strategy. ## Protect your position early. **Relationship property issues are rarely just about assets.** They arise at emotionally charged moments — separation, divorce, or major relationship changes — when decisions feel urgent and the consequences aren’t always clear. Early decisions often shape the final outcome. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch relationship property lawyers provide confidential, strategic advice to help you understand your position before it’s weakened. ## What Is Relationship Property? Relationship property refers to assets acquired during a relationship. Under New Zealand’s **Property (Relationships) Act 1976**, when a relationship ends — whether through separation or death — relationship property is generally divided equally. The Act applies to: - Married couples - Civil unions - De facto relationships of three years or more Relationship property typically includes: - The family home (even if purchased before the relationship began) - Family chattels - Income earned during the relationship - Property acquired during the relationship - Increases in value of superannuation and life insurance While equal division is the starting point, there are important exceptions. Understanding those exceptions can significantly affect your outcome. --- ## Why Relationship Property decisions happen early. By the time many people seek legal advice, they have already: - Moved out of the family home - Agreed informally to divide assets - Made financial transfers - Assumed what is “fair” without legal clarity These early decisions can quietly weaken your position. Acting early does not escalate conflict. It protects your financial interests before they are compromised. --- ## The Relationship Property issues we see most. ### 1. The Family Home Common questions include: - Should I move out? - Does leaving affect my entitlement? - Can the home be sold or refinanced? Timing matters. Once decisions are made, they can be difficult to reverse. ### 2. Businesses, Trusts & Complex Assets Separation often raises questions about: - Businesses built during the relationship - Trust-held property - Assets mixed between personal and relationship use Assumptions in this area are risky. Early clarity protects long-term value. ### 3. Informal Agreements That Feel Fair — But Aren’t Many couples attempt to keep matters amicable by dividing assets informally. But informal arrangements can: - Create expectations inconsistent with the law - Collapse if circumstances change - Be challenged later Fairness requires clarity — not guesswork. ### 4. When One Party Gets Advice First This is often the turning point. Their legal position becomes clearer. Negotiations shift. Early concessions become harder to undo. Timing — not aggression — shapes outcomes. --- ## Prenuptial & contracting out agreements. The Property (Relationships) Act allows couples to create their own agreement about how property will be divided. These are commonly called **prenuptial agreements** or **contracting out agreements**. These agreements allow you to: - Define separate vs relationship property - Agree on unequal shares - Clarify business ownership - Protect pre-relationship assets To be valid, an agreement must: - Be in writing - Be signed by both parties - Include independent legal advice for both parties - Be witnessed by lawyers who certify advice was given Agreements can later be set aside if they cause “serious injustice,” so careful drafting is essential. We regularly assist couples to create, review and update relationship property agreements that are legally robust and commercially sensible. --- ## Relationship Property settlement agreements. When a relationship ends, independent legal advice is strongly recommended. In straightforward cases, settlement involves: - Identifying relationship property - Assessing value - Negotiating division - Formalising agreement in writing In more complex cases — particularly where businesses or trusts are involved — strategic advice becomes critical. Our approach focuses on: - Protecting your asset position - Minimising unnecessary conflict - Achieving fair, practical outcomes Where possible, we resolve matters without litigation. Where necessary, we advocate decisively. --- ## Our approach to separation advice. When separation becomes real, doing nothing doesn’t protect you — and acting without advice can weaken your position. We provide: 1. Confidential initial advice 2. Clear explanation of your legal position 3. Strategic guidance before decisions are made 4. Structured negotiation where required 5. Court representation if necessary We don’t inflame disputes. We protect assets, clarify options, and resolve matters strategically. --- ## Frequently Asked Questions. ### Does relationship property always get split 50/50? Equal sharing is the starting point under the Property (Relationships) Act 1976, but exceptions may apply depending on circumstances. ### Does moving out of the family home affect my entitlement? Leaving the home does not automatically remove your rights, but early decisions can affect negotiation dynamics. ### Do de facto relationships count? Yes. De facto couples who have lived together for three years or more are generally covered by the Act. ### Can a prenuptial agreement be challenged? Yes. The court may set aside an agreement if enforcing it would cause serious injustice. ### Should I get legal advice before discussing settlement? Yes. Early advice helps you understand your entitlements before informal agreements shape expectations. --- ## Why choose Canterbury Legal for Relationship Property advice? - Over 30 years advising Canterbury families - Strong experience in property, trust and business matters - Strategic, calm approach to sensitive situations - Clear advice without unnecessary escalation We understand that separation is personal. Our role is to protect your legal and financial position while helping you move forward. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Protect your position early. ##### If relationship property issues are now unavoidable — or even just a possibility — speak with us before decisions are made. ###### **The strongest position is calm, informed, and taken early.is risk.** **Services Group:** Relationship Property --- ### [First Home Buyers](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/first-home-buyers/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [Commercial Property & Developments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/commercial-property-developments/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [Subdivision & Land Development](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/subdivision-land-development/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [Building & Construction Issues](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/building-construction-issues/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [EQC & Insurance Claims](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/eqc-insurance-claims/) **Published:** February 16, 2026 **Author:** Canterbury Legal **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/ "Property Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Property Law --- ### [Terms of Trade & Trading Protection](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/terms-of-trade-trading-protection/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Commercial Contracts & Negotiation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/commercial-contracts-negotiation/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Finance, Securities & Guarantees](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/finance-securities-guarantees/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ### [Intellectual Property & Licensing](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/intellectual-property-licensing/) **Published:** February 14, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** [Home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz "Home")» [Services](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services/ "Services")» [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/ "Business Law")» Wills u0026amp; Estate Planning Lawyers in Christchurch # Protect what matters. ## Make your wishes clear. **If you’re over 18 and own property, savings, investments or personal belongings, you should have a will.** A properly drafted will ensures your assets are distributed according to your wishes — not just according to default legislation. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty for your family, and protects what you’ve worked hard to build. At Canterbury Legal, our Christchurch wills lawyers help individuals and families create legally sound wills tailored to their circumstances. CONTACT A WILLS LAWYER ## What does a Wills Lawyer do? A wills lawyer helps you: - Decide how your property and assets will be distributed - Appoint executors to carry out your wishes - Provide for children, dependants or blended families - Structure assets through trusts where appropriate - Ensure your will complies with New Zealand law We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration. --- ## Why every New Zealander should have a Will. More than half of adult New Zealanders do not have a will. But 100% should. Without a valid will, your estate is distributed under the **Administration Act**. This is known as dying *intestate*. The law sets out fixed rules based on your family situation — which may not reflect your personal wishes. A will gives you certainty. It allows you to: - Leave specific items to specific people - Protect children and vulnerable beneficiaries - Provide for stepchildren or blended families - Make charitable gifts - Minimise the risk of disputes For more detail on what happens without a will, see our guide: [*What Happens If You Die Without a Will?* ](/die-without-will-nz) --- ## When should you make or update a Will? You should make or review your will if: - You are over 18 and don’t yet have one - You get married or enter a civil union - You separate or divorce - You purchase property - Your family circumstances change - Your financial position changes significantly Marriage generally revokes a previous will unless it was clearly made in contemplation of that marriage. That alone makes review essential. --- ## What happens if you die without a Will? If you die intestate, the law determines how your estate is distributed. This may result in: - Assets going to people you did not intend - Delays in administration - Additional stress for your family - Greater risk of disputes While intestacy laws are designed to provide fair outcomes in typical scenarios, they cannot account for individual circumstances. A will ensures your wishes — not assumptions — guide the outcome. --- ## What should be included in a Will? Most wills include: - Distribution of money, property and personal belongings - Specific gifts to named individuals - Trust provisions (if applicable) - Funeral instructions - Appointment of executors Choosing the right executor is critical. They are responsible for administering your estate and carrying out your instructions. We can advise on whether a family member or independent professional is most appropriate. --- ## Do you need a Lawyer to make a Will? Legally, no. A will must: - Be in writing - Be signed by you - Be witnessed by two people However, professionally drafted wills reduce the risk of errors, ambiguity and legal challenge. Homemade wills are more likely to: - Be contested - Fail to deal with complex assets properly - Overlook trust or tax implications - Create uncertainty during probate If your estate includes property, business interests, trusts, or blended family arrangements, legal advice is strongly recommended. --- ## Our approach to Estate Planning. When we say we’re in your corner, we mean it. We: 1. Take the time to understand your circumstances 2. Explain your options clearly — without legal jargon 3. Draft documents tailored to your needs 4. Ensure formal requirements are properly met 5. Remain available as your life evolves Many wills can be completed efficiently and cost-effectively, including fixed-fee options for straightforward matters. --- ## Related services. Your will is one part of broader estate planning. We also assist with: - Enduring Powers of Attorney - Probate and estate administration - Trust establishment and restructuring - Relationship property agreements --- ## FAQs ### Do I need a will if I don’t own much? Yes. Even modest assets benefit from clear direction. A will reduces confusion and simplifies administration. ### How often should I update my will? You should review your will whenever your circumstances change — marriage, separation, new children, or significant asset changes. ### What is probate? Probate is the legal process of validating a will through the High Court so the executor can administer the estate. ### Can a will be challenged? Yes. Wills can be contested under certain circumstances, particularly if dependants believe they have not been adequately provided for. Proper drafting reduces this risk. ![cl](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cl.png)## Start your Will with Canterbury Legal. ##### A will is not just a legal document — it’s certainty for the people you care about. If you’re ready to make or update your will, speak with our Christchurch wills lawyers today. One conversation now can save your family uncertainty later. ###### **We also guide you through related estate planning matters, including enduring powers of attorney and probate administration.** **Services Group:** Business Law --- ## Team ### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Grant has been with Canterbury Legal since 1998, and is one of our directors. He is an expert in trusts, corporate structures and asset protection, understanding how to apply the law in ways that fit our clients’ needs and goals. Grant has particular experience and skill with property at all scales, from subdivisions to large-scale property developments around New Zealand. If you have property plans, he’s someone you should talk with. He brings a collaborative approach, working with you to help you achieve your goals. As he puts it, it’s about “being creative, thinking outside the box, and being solutions-focused”. **Grant’s background** The law was a natural fit for Grant’s strengths and interests. He studied at the University of Otago, gaining Bachelors degrees in Law and Commerce. After a half decade working at an Auckland firm in a mix of litigation, estate work and property, he joined us here in Christchurch. Grant claims to know something about pretty much every sport, and is a particular fan of rugby and cricket. He’s also played a lot of badminton. ## Make Contact [021 329 383](tel:021329383) Team Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** DIRECTOR, LITIGATION --- ### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### When the decision is significant, the deal is complex, or the stakes are ones you can't afford to get wrong, this is who you want in your corner. Founder of Canterbury Legal and a long-serving director of private and publicly listed companies across New Zealand and Australia, Clive brings to every engagement something that can’t be taught and rarely found: the hard-won judgement of someone who has seen almost everything, and knows exactly what to do about it. He entered practice in 1977. Since then, markets have shifted, regulations multiplied and economic cycles have tested even the best-prepared. What Clive has taken from all of it is a clarity of thinking that cuts through complexity and gets to what actually matters: the risk worth worrying about, the structure worth building, the decision worth making with confidence. His practice centres on property, trusts, asset protection and business structuring. But the real value isn’t the technical expertise, it’s the strategic instinct behind it. Clive doesn’t just document decisions. He’s been helping shape them for nearly five decades. Business owners, property investors and families across New Zealand bring him their highest-stakes challenges, whether it’s major developments, succession planning, asset protection, or restructuring, knowing they’ll receive counsel that is direct, considered and built around their long-term interests. Not what they want to hear. What they need to know. A member of the Institute of Directors New Zealand and a proud supporter of the Canterbury community, Clive believes the same principles apply in law as in life: stay connected, think long-term, and back the people around you to succeed. Canterbury Legal was built on straight talk and long-term relationships. If that’s what you’re looking for, you’ve found the right person. ## Make Contact [021 329 382](tel:021329382) Team Contact Form Contact Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** DIRECTOR --- ### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Sydney works across insolvency, commercial disputes, relationship property matters and estate litigation. After beginning my career at Canterbury Legal as a law clerk in 2017, I was a member of the dispute resolution and litigation team at Canterbury Legal. After spending two years in London working at a top-tier international firm and a specialist insolvency practice, I returned to Canterbury Legal in 2024. That experience broadened by practice and sharpened how I approach dispute resolution. Disputes are rarely straightforward. I focus on bringing clarity to complexity. I’ll ensure you understand your position, the risks involved and the realistic pathways available. Preparation and communication are central to how I practise. Clients should never feel uncertain about where they stand. Outside work, I enjoy exploring Christchurch’s food scene, cooking for friends and family and competing in the occasional pub quiz. ## Make Contact [(03) 662 9442](tel:036629442) Team Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** LITIGATION, STAFF --- ### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) **Published:** March 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Callum advises clients on residential and commercial property transactions, business sales and purchases, leasing and financing arrangements. Transactions often move quickly, and details matter. I take a proactive and organised approach to ensure matters progress smoothly while you remain fully informed. My goal is to make the process straightforward and predictable, whether you are buying your first home, acquiring a business or managing an investment portfolio. Outside the office, I spend Saturday mornings working towards my Private Pilot Licence at the Canterbury Aero Club. I also enjoy squash, reading and travelling when the opportunity arises. ## Make Contact [021 329 381](tel:021329381) Team Contact Form Subscribe Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) **Published:** March 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Angela Ingrosso is a senior legal executive specialising in residential conveyancing. I have worked in legal practice for more than 30 years across New Zealand and Australia, specialising in residential conveyancing. Buying or selling property can be one of the most significant decisions you make. My role is to make the process feel manageable and clear. I explain each step, what it means, what you need to do and what I’ll take care of. I particularly enjoy helping first-home buyers and elderly clients who may feel uncertain about the process. Even in changing property markets, I aim to provide confidence and reassurance. Many of my clients come back to me for their next transaction, which is something I value deeply. ## Make Contact [021 329 371](tel:021329371) Team Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) **Published:** March 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Matthew Bowen is a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand, supporting the Canterbury Legal team across property law, commercial law and litigation matters. Growing up in Christchurch in a family connected to the legal profession, the law always felt like a natural direction for me. I recently graduated from the University of Canterbury with an LLB and BCom and was admitted as a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand. At Canterbury Legal, I work across a range of property, commercial and litigation matters, assisting with legal research, drafting and client preparation. I enjoy being involved in matters from an early stage and working alongside experienced practitioners to deliver practical, client-focused advice. I’m particularly interested in building strong foundations across property and commercial law while continuing to develop my litigation skills. My approach is to keep things clear, straightforward and focused on outcomes that matter to clients. Outside the office, I enjoy golf, following sport and learning guitar whenever time allows. ## Make Contact [021 224 9544](tel:0212249544) Team Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) **Published:** March 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Sue Cousins has overseen the operations of Canterbury Legal since its establishment and brings more than 30 years’ experience in legal administration. I have been part of Canterbury Legal since its establishment and have worked in legal administration for over 30 years. As Practice Manager, I oversee the operational side of the firm, including trust accounting, compliance and day-to-day systems. My role is to ensure everything runs smoothly so our lawyers can focus on delivering excellent advice and our clients receive consistent, professional service. Behind every successful legal matter is a well-run system. I take pride in maintaining those systems and supporting both our team and our clients. ## Make Contact [021 329 384](tel:021329384) Team Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) **Published:** March 10, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Chelsea Chong provides vital administrative and operational support across the firm. I provide administrative and operational support across the firm, assisting with trust account processes, conveyancing settlements and workflow coordination. I enjoy being part of the engine room that keeps matters moving smoothly. Attention to detail and organisation are important in my role, and I aim to ensure clients experience efficient, responsive service. Originally from Kuala Lumpur, I moved from Auckland to Christchurch in 2022 and now call Canterbury home. Outside work, I enjoy swimming, running and following major sporting events. Attending the Olympics or the FIFA World Cup is firmly on my bucket list. #### Make Contact Team Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) **Published:** July 21, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Olivia is a Registered Legal Executive with more than 16 years' experience assisting clients with property transactions, estate planning and a wide range of private client matters. I graduated with the New Zealand Law Society Legal Executive Diploma in 2018 and am an Associate Member of Legal Executives New Zealand. Staying current with changes in the law is important to me, ensuring my clients receive practical, up-to-date advice throughout every stage of their matter. I work across residential conveyancing, first-home purchases, refinancing, subdivisions, occupational right agreements, wills, enduring powers of attorney and trust establishment and administration. Whether you’re buying your first home, planning for the future or managing a property transaction, my goal is to make the process as straightforward and stress-free as possible. Organisation, communication and attention to detail are at the heart of how I work. I enjoy building lasting relationships with clients, taking the time to explain each step clearly so you always know what to expect and can move forward with confidence. Outside the office, I enjoy spending time with my husband and our two young daughters on our lifestyle property, where life is kept entertaining by our much-loved Highland cattle. --- ### #### Make Contact Team Contact Form Newsletter Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) **Published:** August 26, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Margeaux provides administrative and operational support across the Canterbury Legal team, helping keep the day-to-day running of the firm organised and efficient. I’m currently studying towards my Legal Executive Diploma, which I hope to complete in 2028, while gaining practical experience working alongside the team at Canterbury Legal. I enjoy being part of a busy team and take pride in helping things run smoothly behind the scenes. I also enjoy being a friendly and welcoming face for clients and everyone who walks through our doors. Working in a legal environment while studying gives me the opportunity to continue building my knowledge and develop practical skills across different areas of the firm. Outside the office, you’ll usually find me in the kitchen cooking up a storm, getting lost in a good book, or cheering on my husband from the sidelines at his football games. #### Make Contact Team Contact Form Notify Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) **Published:** January 8, 2026 **Author:** sue **Content:** ### Terena is a Senior Solicitor in our litigation team, with a focus on debt recovery, contractual disputes, and estate and trust matters. **She advises individuals, trustees, executors, and businesses across a range of contentious matters, including:**- - **Debt recovery and credit enforcement** - **Breach of contract and commercial disputes** - **Estate and trust disputes.** Having worked in both New Zealand and Australia, I bring a practical, risk-aware approach to dispute strategy and resolution. My background spans plaintiff personal injury litigation, criminal law, and commercial and residential property — experience that gives me a broad base from which to assess risk and advise clients at every stage of a matter. I understand that litigation can feel personal and stressful therefore I prioritise clear communication and easy to understand guidance so that you feel informed at every stage. Recently returning to New Zealand from France with my fiancé and young son – it has reinforced the importance of balance, perspective and strict time management, qualities I bring into my professional work as well. ## Make Contact [(03) 662 9494](tel:036629494) Team Contact Form Updates Name Email Phone Number Who Are You Contacting? Clive CousinsGrant SmithSydney AustinCallum McPetrieSam WelshTerena Te WhaitiAngela IngrossoSue CousinsChelsea ChongUnsure Message Submit ### Meet the rest of the team ![2](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) #### [Clive Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/clive-cousins/) Director ![4](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/4-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) #### [Sydney Austin](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sydney-austin/) Associate – Litigation ![8](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/8-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) #### [Grant Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/grant-smith-2/) Director ![10](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/10-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) #### [Terena Te Whaiti](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/terena-te-whaiti/) Senior Solicitor - Litigation ![1](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) #### [Callum McPetrie](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/callum-mcpetrie/) Associate - Property & Commercial ![3](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/3-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) #### [Angela Ingrosso](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/angela-ingrosso-2/) Legal Executive - Conveyancing ![6](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/6-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) #### [Matthew Bowen](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/matthew-bowen-2/) Solicitor ![9](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/9-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) #### [Sue Cousins](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/sue-cousins-2/) Practice Manager ![Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Margeaux-Smith-2-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) #### [Chelsea Chong](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/chelsea-chong/) Legal Administrator ![Margeaux Smith (1)](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Margeaux-Smith-1-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) #### [Olivia O’Brien](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/olivia-obrien/) Legal Executive ![5](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/5-570x696.webp)[](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) #### [Margeaux Smith](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team/margeaux-smith/) Legal Administrator [](#)[](#) **Team Group:** STAFF --- ## Categories ### [Uncategorised](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/uncategorised/) --- ### [Residential](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/residential/) --- ### [Construction](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/construction/) --- ### [New Amendments](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/new-amendments/) --- ### [Property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/property/) **Description:** Expert property law insights for buyers, sellers, investors and developers. Navigate conveyancing, contracts and property issues with confidence. --- ### [Litigation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/litigation/) --- ### [News](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/news/) --- ### [Business](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business/) --- ### [Finance](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/finance/) --- ### [COVID-19](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/covid-19/) --- ### [Employment](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/employment/) --- ### [Insurance](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/insurance/) --- ### [Property Watch](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/property-watch/) --- ### [Insolvency](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/insolvency/) --- ### [Personal](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/personal/) **Description:** Trusted advice on personal legal matters including wills, estate planning, trusts and relationship property. Protect your future with clear, practical guidance. --- ### [Family trusts & asset protection](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/personal/family-trusts-asset-protection/) **Description:** Insights on family trusts and asset protection strategies. Learn how to safeguard wealth and structure assets for long-term security. --- ### [Business & Commercial](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business-commercial/) **Description:** Strategic legal support for businesses at every stage. From structuring and contracts to transactions and governance, get advice that protects and grows your business. --- ### [Governance & shareholder matters](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/business-commercial/governance-shareholder-matters/) **Description:** Advice on shareholder agreements, governance and business relationships. Keep your business running smoothly and avoid disputes. --- ### [Disputes & litigation](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/disputes-litigation/) **Description:** Practical, outcome-focused advice on disputes and litigation. Resolve conflicts efficiently while protecting your position and commercial interests. --- ### [Contract disputes](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/category/disputes-litigation/contract-disputes/) **Description:** Guidance on contract disputes, breaches and enforcement. Understand your options and take decisive action. --- ## Tags ### [earthquake](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/earthquake/) --- ### [eqc](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/eqc/) --- ### [contractors](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/contractors/) --- ### [employees](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/employees/) --- ### [employment](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/employment/) --- ### [capital gains](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/capital-gains/) --- ### [property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/property/) --- ### [family home](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/tag/family-home/) --- ## Services Group ### [Personal Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/personal-law/) --- ### [Business Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/business-law/) --- ### [Property Law](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/property-law/) --- ### [Litigation & DIspute Resolution](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/litigation-dispute-resolution/) --- ### [Relationship Property](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/services_group/relationship-property/) --- ## Team Group ### [LITIGATION](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team_group/litigation/) --- ### [DIRECTOR](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team_group/director/) --- ### [STAFF](https://www.canterburylegal.co.nz/team_group/staff/) ---